摘要
热带太平洋是世界主要的金枪鱼渔场,具有丰富的大洋渔业资源,但是目前对该区域鱼类生物群落特征的认识却十分缺乏。本文根据我国金枪鱼渔业科学观察员海上观测数据,对热带太平洋中南部海域31种上层鱼类的种间关系进行了研究,从总体关联性、种对间关联性和相关性3个方面,对种间关系进行了分析。结果表明:31个鱼种在总体上存在显著的正关联。由31个鱼种组成的465个种对中,288对为正联结,其中显著(P<0.05)正联结53对;177对为负联结,其中显著(P<0.05)负联结仅为6对。根据Pearson相关系数检验,该465个种对中,大部分种对的相关性不显著,但有36个种对的正相关极其显著(P<0.01)。作为金枪鱼延绳钓渔业目标鱼种的大眼金枪鱼,与10个兼捕种类(黄鳍金枪鱼、长鳍金枪鱼、剑鱼、凹尾长鳍乌鲂、异鳞蛇鲭、蛇鲭、鲣鱼、蓝枪鱼、长鳍真鲨、红棱鲂)虽呈显著(P<0.05)正联结,但相关性不显著。从本文结果推断,本海域大部分上层鱼类的栖息地空间或生态位存在一定的重叠,但重叠程度可能不高。在受关注的鲨鱼类中,镰状真鲨与大眼金枪鱼的种间相关性最大,表明其受主捕大眼金枪鱼的延绳钓渔业的影响可能较其它鲨鱼大。
The tropical Pacific Ocean（TPO）is one of the main fishing grounds for pelagic tuna fisheries with a variety of fishery resources.However,the pelagic fish community of TPO was weakly understood.In this study,based on China tuna longline observer program,the interspecific relationships for31 pelagic fish species captured in the longline fishery was analyzed.Interspecific correlation analysis（variance analysis）showed that the overall correlation among the 31 species was positively significant.Theχ2 test（2×2contingency table）showed that among the 465 species pairs of 31 species,288pairs were positively correlated（53pairs significant,P〈0.05）while 177 pairs were negatively correlated（6pairs significant,P〈0.05）.Pearson correlation coefficient test supported that most of the species pairs were not significantly correlated,whereas 36 pairs were significantly correlated（P〈0.01）.Theχ2 test suggested that bigeye tuna（Thunnus obesus）,as a target species,was significantly（P〈0.05）correlated with 10 bycatch species;however,Pearson correlation coefficients showed that they were not significantly correlated.This study implies that most of the 31 species have overlaps in their spatial habitats or niches,but the levels of overlaps may not be high.According to Pearson correlation test,among the pelagic sharks concerned,silky shark（Carcharhinus falciformis）might be more impacted by longline fishery targeting bigeye tuna than other shark species.
出处
《海洋湖沼通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期9-15,共7页
Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41106118)
农业部金枪鱼渔业科学观察员项目资助
关键词
大洋鱼类
种间关系
金枪鱼
延绳钓
热带太平洋
pelagic fish
interspecific relationship
tuna
longline
tropical Pacific Ocean
