摘要
为了探明超级稻在不同分蘖阶段的最适控水程度,以广东省主推超级稻品种玉香油占为材料,于2014年在华南农业大学农场进行田间试验。在水稻分蘖数达到不同的2个阶段分别设置2个水分梯度处理,研究了分蘖至拔节期控水处理对超级稻叶片抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量和光合特性等的影响,以及对产量构成因素和最终产量的影响。结果表明：分蘖期适度控水（控制0-20 cm土层平均土壤相对含水率为（60±5）%能够提高处理期间早季玉香油占叶片SOD、POD、CAT和晚季SOD、POD等抗氧化酶活性;也能够提高早晚季处理期间叶片脯氨酸等渗透调节物质含量;同时,还能够降低叶片MDA含量。分蘖期适度控水在复水后能够显著提高叶片净光合速率等光合特性,同时还能够减少无效分蘖数、提高后期叶面积指数,促进籽粒灌浆和光合产物的积累,进而提高成穗率、穗粒数和结实率,显著提高产量。因此,在玉香油占分蘖期控制0-20 cm土层平均土壤相对含水率为（60±5）%能够达到节水、高效栽培的目的。
To investigate the optimum degree of water control,main popularized super rice in Guangdong-Yuxiangyouzhan was selected as experimental material,field experiment was adopted in SCAU farm in 2014. Two water gradient treatments were set respectively while the tiller number reached to two different stages. The effect of water treatments on leaf antioxidant enzyme activity,content of osmoregulation substance,photosynthetic characteristics had been studied. The yield components and yield were studied too. Results showed that,moderate control of water（ the average relative soil water content reach about（ 60 ± 5） % at 0-20 cm soil layer） at tillering stage could improve Yuxiangyouzhan leaves＇ antioxidant enzyme activity-improve SOD,POD and CAT activity in early season;SOD,POD activity in later season during treatments. Osmoregulation substance like leaves＇ proline content was improved and MDA content was decreased in both seasons during treatments. Rehydration after treatments could significantly improve W4＇s net photosynthetic rate and some other photosynthetic characteristics,meanwhile,decrease ineffective tillerings,improve LAI in late stage,then promote the accumulation of photosynthetic products and grain fillings,then improve spike rate,grains number per spike and seed setting rate,therefore the grain yield was significantly improved. As a result,moderate control of water（ the average relative soil water content reach about（ 60 ± 5） %at 0-20 cm soil layer） of Yuxiangyouzhan at tillering stage could attain the goal of water-saving and high-efficiency cultivation.
出处
《华北农学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期146-152,共7页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica
基金
公益性行业专项(GYHY201406025)
广东省农业攻关项目(20041320101007)
关键词
分蘖期
控水
生理
光合
产量
Tillering stage
Water control
Physiological
Photosynthetic
Yield
