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二元困境下城乡多层次养老保险的差异化研究——基于“以房养老”与“土地换社保”的比较 被引量:9

The Differentiation Research on the Urban and Rural Multi-level Pension Insurance under the Binary Dilemma——Based on the comparison between “house for pension” and “land for social security”
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摘要 人口老龄化已经成为当今世界一个共同的社会问题,而人口老龄化基数大、速度快、"未富先老"是当前我国养老事业面临的客观现实。构建多层次的养老保险体系是应对人口老龄化挑战的重要途径之一。通过"以房养老"与"土地换社保"的比较分析,发现建构在二元困境下的城乡多层次养老保险在参与主体、保障水平和可持续发展等方面存在明显差异,这些差异导致城乡养老资源分配不均、农民老年贫困、农村跨代贫穷及个体发展风险差别等问题,这些问题统称为"次生城乡二元差异";提出城乡多层次养老保险体系的构建应当坚持"公平优先、兼顾效率"的价值理念,分别从养老资源的均衡分配、保障水平的提高和促进可持续发展三个方面采取具体措施来避免问题的产生。同时,政府应当从政策制定、资金倾斜以及人才培养等方面着力扶持农村基本养老公共服务的发展,缩小城乡差距,保证养老公平。 Aging of population has become a common social problem worldwide and China's large base of aging population, high speed aging and "aging before getting rich" are the objective reality that the old-age insurance faces. And building a multi-level pension insurance system is one of the important ways to cope with the challenge of an aging population. By comparative study of house-for-pension insurance and land-for- social security, it is found that multiple level ole-age insurance constructed under the dual dilemma has many differences between the urban and rural areas in the aspects of the main body, the level of security and sustainable development. These differences lead to the problems of uneven distribution of elderly care resources, elderly poverty and inter-generational poverty in rural areas, and individual development risk, etc. This article names these problems in general terms as "Secondary Urban and Rural Binary Differences". It puts forward that building a multi-level pension insurance system should be based on the value idea of "equality in priority and giving consideration to efficiency" and proposes three specific measures to avoid the problems occurred, i.e. the balanced allocation of elderly care resources, the improvement of security level and the promotion of sustainable development. At the same time, the government should focus on narrowing the gap between the urban and rural as well as guarantee equality in pension from these aspects such as policy setting, funds and talents training to support the development of the rural basic public elderly care service.
作者 李曼 赵鹏程
出处 《四川理工学院学报(社会科学版)》 2015年第5期12-22,共11页 Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering(Social Sciences Edition)
基金 四川省教育厅社科项目(12SA132) 教育部大学生创新创业计划训练项目(201410638011) 四川省大学生创新创业计划训练项目(201510638060)
关键词 人口老龄化 二元困境 多层次养老保险 土地换社保 次生城乡二元差异 aging of population binary dilemma multi-level pension insurance house-for-pension secondaryurban and rural binary differences
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