摘要
亚里士多德的模态三段论缺乏他实然三段论的严谨和系统性。亚氏三段论建立在词项逻辑的基础上,模态词附着在"属于"关系上。奥卡姆的逻辑融合了命题逻辑和亚氏以词项逻辑为基础的三段论逻辑。他对亚氏模态三段论进行了大量和广泛的扩充和完善,并试图对照着亚氏在实然三段论中所使用的换位法将不完善三段论化为完善三段论的归化法,来系统化证明模态三段论的有效式,同时结合使用了他模态命题逻辑的法则。本文将利用关于"必然"的模态三段论来阐明奥卡姆在上述几个方面对亚氏模态三段论所作的扩展和革新。
In contrast to his assertoric syllogistic,Aristotle's modal syllogistic lacks the former's stringency and systematic character.His syllogistic bases on term logic,with the modal expression attached to the copula.Ockham's logic incorporate term logical elements from Aristotle's syllogistic and elements of prepositional logic and expands Aristotle's modal syllogistic on a large scale.While trying to gain a systematic character by reducing moods of modal syllogism in the second and third figure to the valid moods of the first figure,he applies also laws of prepositional modal logic.In this article I shall use the example of Ockham's treatment of uniform necessary syllogisms in his Summa Logicae to illustrate his development and innovation of the Aristotelian logic.
出处
《世界哲学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第6期112-120,158,共9页
World Philosophy
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助--青年培育项目编号11300-31610123
