摘要
磷矿脱镁在湿法制备磷酸工艺中至关重要。本文分析了磷矿中的镁杂质(主要以白云石形式存在)对磷化工生产过程的影响,综述了近几十年来磷矿脱镁的工艺方法及应用,重点总结了浮选法和酸式浸提法在脱镁研究中的应用及其效果。浮选法主要采用反浮选法将胶磷矿和白云石分离,常在弱酸性介质中用捕收剂将白云石浮起以达到脱镁的目的,捕收剂的选择是浮选法成功的关键。酸式浸提脱镁的工艺简单,易操作,工业化应用前景广阔,是近年来的研究热点。酸式浸提法主要是利用白云石和磷矿物与酸性物质反应活性的差异,在浸提液酸性环境中选择性地溶解白云石,从而达到脱镁的效果。现有的脱镁方法都不可避免地面临磷损失和二次污染等问题,所以,开发复合型的除镁工艺和经济环保的新方法将是今后的研究方向。
Magnesium impurity removal is very important for the preparation of wet-process phosphoric acid. In this paper,the influence of the existence of magnesium impurities,in the form of dolomite in most cases,on phosphoric ore on phosphorus chemical industry is discussed. The techniques and application effect of magnesium removal in recent decades are introduced;,especially introduce the flotation and the acidic leaching technique and their effects in practical application. The dominant flotation process currently used is reverse flotation. In this process,dolomites are floated at faintly acid condition with collectors to separate with phosphoric ore. Thus,the selection of collectors is the key point of flotation. Relative to flotation,acidic leaching is a simple,easy operation and broad prospect in application technique,which becomes research focus in recent years. The acidic leaching is based on the difference reactivity of dolomite and phosphoric ore with acid. Dolomite is dissolved selectively in acid condition to remove magnesium impurities. At present,the reagents used for acidic leaching are inorganic acid,acidic gas,acidic salt,and organic acid. Facing the problem of phosphorus loss and secondary pollution in the process of magnesium impurity removal,to develop the compound,economic and environmental friendly technique will be a good choice in future.
出处
《矿产综合利用》
CAS
北大核心
2015年第5期1-7,共7页
Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
基金
云南省高端科技人才引进计划项目(2010CI110)
昆明理工大学分析测试基金(20130404
20140609)
关键词
磷矿
脱镁
磷化工
浮选
浸提
Phosphoric ore
Magnesium removal
Phosphorus chemical industry
Flotation
Leaching
