摘要
为探究人工施用竹炭对卷心菜叶绿素含量和荧光参数的影响,进而明确卷心菜的最适竹炭有机肥施用量,在田间试验条件下设置了无碳(CK)、中碳(MC)和高碳(SC)3个处理,对卷心菜莲座期和结球期的叶绿素含量及荧光参数进行测量研究.结果表明:(1)结球期的卷心菜叶绿素含量极显著高于莲座期(p<0.01),且随着竹炭量的增加,两个时期的叶绿素含量变化趋势一致,从高到低依次为:MC,CK,SC.(2)结球期的卷心菜初始最小荧光Fo、初始最大荧光Fm、PSⅡ的最大光化学效率Fv/Fm,PSⅡ的潜在活性Fv/Fo、非光化学猝灭系数qN均低于莲座期,而PSⅡ实际光化学效率ΦPSⅡ、光化学猝灭系数qP高于莲座期,且随着竹炭量的增加,两个时期的这些参数均表现出一致的变化趋势,Fo和qN均呈"V"型变化,而Fm,Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ和qP均呈现倒"V"趋势,但对ΦPSⅡ和qP没有显著影响(p>0.05).说明结球期的卷心菜光合作用高于莲座期;当竹炭量由CK增加到MC,有利于提高叶片叶绿素含量,增强光能利用率,减少植株热耗散,提高植株光合作用;但随着竹炭量进一步增加到SC,卷心菜叶片叶绿素含量降低,光能利用率减弱,热耗散增加,光合作用受到抑制,即中炭(MC)处理条件下,此卷心菜长势最优,表明中炭是该卷心菜生长的最适竹炭有机肥施用量.
To reveal the effects of bamboo charcoal application on cabbage chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters and to determine the optimum rate of charcoal organic fertilizer for cabbage,three treatments,i.e.control（CK）,moderate charcoal（MC）and severe charcoal（SC）,were made in a field test,and chlorophyll content（SPAD value）and fluorescence parameters of the leaves at the rosette and heading periods of the plants were measured.Chlorophyll content was highly significantly higher at the heading period than at the rosette period（p0.01）.With the increase in the amount of bamboo charcoal application,chlorophyll contents at both periods showed a similar trend：MCCKSC.The initial minimum fluorescence Fo,the initial maximum fluorescence Fm,the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ Fv/Fm,the potential activity of PSⅡ Fv/Foand non-photochemical quenching coefficient qN at the heading period were lower than those at the heading period,but PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiencyΦPSⅡ and photochemical quenching qP at the heading period were higher than those at the rosette period.Increased bamboo charcoal application resulted in a similar trend in the above seven parameters at both periods,i.e.Fo and qN exhibited a V-shaped variation,and Fm,Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ and qP an inverted V-shaped variation,but there was no significance forΦPSⅡ or qP（p0.05）.These results indicated that the photosynthesis at the heading period was higher than that at the rosette period.Increasing bamboo charcoal application rate from CK to MC contributed to raising chlorophyll content,enhancing energy efficiency,reducing plant heat dissipation and improving plant photosynthesis.However,with further increase in charcoal rate to SC,chlorophyll content and energy use rate decreased,heat dissipation increased and,as a result,photosynthesis was inhibited.In conclusion,cabbage grew most vigorously in the Treatment MC in this experiment,indicating that MC is the optimum application rate of bamboo charcoal manure in cabbage
出处
《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第9期49-57,共9页
Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(61190114和41171324)
国家"973"重点基础研究发展规划项目(2011CB302705)
上海市科学委员会项目(12231205101)
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20110091110028)
科技部国家科技基础条件平台项目(2005DKA32300)
上海市战略性新兴产业重大项目(重大2013-14号)
关键词
竹炭
卷心菜
叶绿素含量
荧光参数
有机农业
bamboo charcoal
cabbage
chlorophyll content
fluorescence parameter
organic agriculture
