摘要
目的了解暴力犯罪者的人格特征及心理健康状况,为开展有针对性的狱内矫治工作提供依据。方法采用简单随机抽样的方法,对某监狱的620名暴力犯罪者采用卡特尔16种人格因素(16PF)和90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行问卷调查。结果男性暴力犯罪者16PF各因子与全国男性常模相比,除稳定性、敢为性、敏感性3个因子差异无统计学意义外,乐群性(10.02±3.27)分、聪慧性(8.65±2.61)分、恃强性(12.77±3.60)分、兴奋性(12.39±4.40)分、有恒性(12.63±3.31)分、怀疑性(10.95±3.06)分、幻想性(10.89±3.51)分、世故性(9.66±2.75)分、忧虑性(8.53±3.64)分、实验性(10.50±2.91)分、独立性(12.95±3.34)分、自律性(12.16±3.58)分、紧张性(10.78±4.01)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);女性暴力犯罪者与全国女性成人常模比较,除乐群性、稳定性、兴奋性、敏感性、幻想性、世故性6个因子差异无统计学意义外,聪慧性(5.15±1.94)分、恃强性(13.01±3.21)分、有恒性(10.58±2.79)分、敢为性(13.22±3.24)分、怀疑性(9.52±2.68)分、忧虑性(12.21±3.03)分、实验性(9.81±2.59)分、独立性(10.73±3.10)分、自律性(10.75±3.01)分和紧张性(13.17±3.01)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同性别、文化程度、犯罪类型、刑期的暴力犯罪者16PF各因子差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);暴力犯罪者SCL-90各因子与全国常模相比,躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性得分均高于中国常模(P<0.01);不同性别、犯罪类型、刑期的暴力犯罪者各因子得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论暴力犯罪者有典型的人格特征、他们的心理健康水平较差,应引起监狱有关部门的关注。
To examine personality characteristics and mental health among violent offenders and to provide evidences for rehabilitation of the offenders in prisons. Methods With simple random sampling ,620 violent criminals in a prison were recruited and surveyed by using Cattell＇ s Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire （16PF） and Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）. Results Compared to the norm of Chinese males, the male violent offenders had significant different scores for most of 16PF primary factors, including warmth （ 10. 02 ± 3.27 ）, reasoning （ 8. 65 ± 2. 61 ）, dominance （ 12.77 ± 3.60）, liveliness （ 12. 39 ± 4.40 ）, rule consciousness （ 12. 63 ± 3.31 ）, vigilance （ 10. 95 ± 3.06 ）, abstractedness （10. 89 ± 3.51 ）, privateness （9. 66 ± 2. 75 ）, apprehension （8. 53 ± 3.64 ）, openness to change （ 10. 50 ± 2. 91 ）, self-reliance（ 12. 95 ± 3.34） ,perfectionism（ 12. 16 ± 3.58） ,and tension（ 10. 78 ± 4. 01 ） （ all P 〈 0. 01 ）, except emotional stability, social boldness, and sensitivity. There were significant differences in the 16PF primary factor scores of reasoning （5.15 ± 1.94 ）, dominance （ 13.01 ± 3.21 ）, ruleonsciousness （ 10. 58 ± 2. 79 ）, social boldness （ 13.22 ± 3.24 ）, vigilance（9. 52 ±2. 68） ,apprehension（ 12. 21 ± 3.03） ,openness to change（9. 81 ±2. 59） ,self-reliance（ 10.73 ± 3.10） ,perfectionism （ 10. 75 ± 3.01 ）, and tension （ 13. 17 ± 3.01 ） （ all P 〈 0. 01 ）, but there were no differences in the primary factors of warmth, emotional stability, liveliness, sensitivity, abstractedness, and privateness between the female offenders and the norm of Chinese females. The violent offenders of different gender and with different education level, type of crime, and term of penalty had significant different 16 PF primary factor scores（ all P 〈 0. 05 ）. The violent offenders had significantly higher scores for all SCL-90 domains than the norm of Chinese population（ all P 〈0.
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期1304-1308,共5页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
关键词
暴力犯罪者
人格
心理健康
violent offender
personality
mental health
