摘要
目的分析甲肝疫苗纳入国家免疫规划后的甲肝流行特征,为制定有效控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2005—2014年许昌市甲肝疫情进行描述,利用SPSS软件对甲肝疫苗纳入国家免疫规划前后流行特征进行对比分析。结果甲肝疫苗纳入国家免疫规划后,甲肝流行强度减弱,发病率下降明显;发病年龄后移,以农民、学生发病为主;无明显季节性分布,农村与城市地区年均发病率无显著差异,以经济和卫生条件差、接种率低的鄢陵县发病最多。结论甲肝疫苗纳入国家免疫规划后,接种率和接种质量迅速提高,甲肝流行病学特征发生明显变化,今后要在规范开展甲肝疫苗常规免疫接种基础上,加强重点人群免疫接种,及时开展疫情监测和风险评估,做好重点地区和人群健康教育,改善工作学习和生活卫生环境,控制局部暴发疫情。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characterriics of hepatitis A after introduction of hepatitis A vaccine into immunization program, and to provide a scientific evidence for the prevention and control measures in related disease. Methods The descriptive epidemiology was carried out in analysis of hepatitis A outbreak from 2005 to 2014 in Xuchang City.The epidemic characteristics were analyzed by SPSS before and after hepatitis A vaccine was introduced into the na-tional immunization program.Results The epidemic intensity and the incidence rate were decreased after introduction of the hepatitis A vaccine into the program. The age of occuring the disese shifted older and there was no variation in seasons. The infected populations were farmer and student.The difference in average incidence rate was not significant in between city and rural area.The incidence in Yanling County is the highest because of the poor economic and healthy conditions, and low immunization rate.Conclusion The vaccination rates and quality were rapidly improved after introduction of hep-atitis A vaccine into national immunization.The epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A have a significant change. The vaccination of key populations should be strengthened and expanded on the basis of routine immunization of hepatitis A vaccine in the future.It is important to pay attention to the monitoring and risk assessment of the epidemic, health educa-tion in key areas and the public to improve the working and learning environments.The local outbreak of hepatitis A should be under prevention and control.
出处
《微生物学免疫学进展》
2015年第6期40-43,共4页
Progress In Microbiology and Immunology
关键词
甲型肝炎
流行特征
分析
Hepatitis A
Epidemiological characteristics
Analysis
