摘要
目的：调查广东省3个县1～14岁儿童乙型肝炎感染状况，评价乙型肝炎疫苗纳入免疫规划及2009—2011年查漏补种对1～14岁儿童乙型肝炎的免疫效果。方法2013年在广东省南雄市、海丰县和新兴县采取分层多阶段随机抽样方法，抽取1621名1～14岁儿童作为调查对象，调查其人口学特征、患病史以及乙型肝炎疫苗接种史，检测乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）、乙型肝炎表面抗体（抗-HBs）、乙型肝炎核心抗体（抗-HBc）。分析性别、年龄、疫苗接种史、低出生体重（〈2 kg）、母亲HBsAg阳性与乙型肝炎血清标志物阳性率关系。结果1～14岁儿童HBsAg阳性率为1.11%（18例），抗-HBs阳性率为60.69%（982例），抗-HBc阳性率为1.92%（31例）。有免疫史儿童HBsAg阳性率（0.84%，13/1547）低于无免疫史（1/13）及不详儿童（6.56%，4/61）（χ2＝22.64，P〈0.001），首针24 h内及时接种乙型肝炎疫苗儿童HBsAg阳性率（0.45%，5/1118）低于不及时接种儿童（2.63%，61/190）（χ2＝10.21，P〈0.001）。出生体重〈2 kg儿童HBsAg阳性率（5/18）高于出生体重≥2 kg儿童（0.78%，12/1548）（χ2＝120.8，P〈0.001）。HBsAg阳性母亲所生儿童HBsAg阳性率（2.80%，3/107）高于HBsAg阴性母亲所生儿童（0.21%，1/470）（χ2＝8.50，P=0.004）。随着年龄的增长，乙型肝炎疫苗接种率、首针及时接种率逐渐降低，抗-HBs阳性率随着年龄增大而逐渐降低。结论开展乙型肝炎疫苗查漏补种后，1～14岁儿童HBsAg和抗-HBc阳性率下降，而抗-HBs阳性率升高。
Objective To investigate the epidemic status of Hepatitis B in children aged 1-14 in 3 counties of Guangdong province in 2013,and to evaluate the effect of hepatitis control in children aged 1-14 after hepatitis B vaccine was integrated into the national immunization program in 2002 and catch-up vaccination was conducted from 2009 to 2011. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling was designed to survey 1 621 children aged 1-14 in rural area of Nanxiong county, Haifeng county and Xinxing county by questionnaires including general information, medical history and risk factors .The samples were tested with chemiluminescence method to detect hepatitis B virus （HBV） surface antigen （ HBsAg）, antibody to HbsAg （anti-HBs） and antibody to HBV core antigen （anti-HBc）.Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rate of HBV serum markers in different age groups, vaccine histories, birth weight and HBV infection status of mother. Results Among the children aged 1-14 in 3 counties rural regions of Guangdong province, the positive rate of HBsAg,anti-HBs,and anti-HBc was 1.11% （18/1 621）, 60.69%（982/1 618） and 1.92% （31/1 617）, respectively. The HBsAg positive rate of vaccinated children （0.84%, 13/1 547） was lower than that of unvaccinated children （1/13） or children with unknown vaccination status （6.56%,4/61） （χ2=22.64,P〈0.001）. The HBsAg positive rate （0.45%,5/1 118） of the children with 〈br〉 birth-dose given within 24 hours was lower than those that of children given beyond 24 hours （2.63%, 61/190） （χ2=10.21 ,P〈0.001）. The HBsAg positive rate（5/18） of children with birth weight under 2 kilogram was higher than that of children with birth weight above 2 kilogram（0.78%,12/1 548）（χ2=120.8,P〈0.001）.The HBsAg positive rate of children born to HBsAg-positive mothers （2.80%,3/107） was higher than that of children born to HBsAg-negative mothers （0.21%,1/470）（χ2=8.50,P=0.004）. With the age increasing, the coverage and timely b
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第9期777-781,共5页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
