摘要
清代后妃埋葬位次主要涉及以宝顶位次为代表的墓葬位次,合、祔葬制影响下的棺椁位置等,体现了墓主的等级与身份,是考察清代皇陵兆域格局构成理念与形成过程的主要切入点。在梳理清代东陵、西陵二处陵区内后、妃埋葬位次的基本状态后,将位次发展分为顺治至康熙、雍正至嘉庆、道光至宣统三个时期。同时注意到,发展期拐点主要出现在雍正、道光两朝,与棺椁位置的变化情况基本相同。埋葬位次变化在一定程度上暗示了统治者丧葬理念的转变,即在吸纳儒家伦理纲常、尊卑有序的观念的同时,兼顾了以血缘关系为核心的"聚族而葬"的埋葬特性。进一步证实,清政权在统治秩序逐渐成熟、完善的过程中,实现了本民族以血缘亲疏为核心的等级观念,对儒家思想的吸纳及融合。最终,在位次分析的基础上提出清代"内、外双层茔区"兆域格局的概念。
The burial order of empresses and imperial concubines, including the order of grave mount＇s location, the coffin position following the burial system and so on, represents the feudal hierarchy and reflects the process and concept of the royal mausoleum region system. Based on a review of the burial order of empresses and concubines in the east and west Qing mausoleums, development of the burial order is divided into three stages： Shunzhi to Kangxi period, Yongzheng to Jiaqing period and Daoguang to Xuantong period. Significant transition occurred during the Yongzheng and Daoguang reigns, which coincided with transition in coffin position. Changes in burial order indicate to a certain extent a transition in concept of the ruling class that features Confucian ethics and hierarchy and ＂burial based on patriarchal clan＂ with blood relation as the core. It is further proved that the Qing ruling class combined the clan concept with Confucianism during the maturing process of its power. In the end, the author puts forward the concept of ＂double burial region system＂.
出处
《中国国家博物馆馆刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第9期142-149,共8页
Journal of National Museum of China
关键词
陵墓
宝顶
清代
等级
Mausoleum
grave mount
Qing Dynasty
hierarchy
