摘要
2011—2013年进行定位试验,设置轮耕、深松/深松、深耕/常耕、深耕/深耕和常耕/常耕5个处理,研究了不同耕作模式下土壤养分动态特征和小麦玉米生长发育及其效益。结果表明,深松/深松和深耕/深耕处理显著提高了0~40 cm土层养分,土壤有机质含量增幅为2.21%~3.44%;碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾分别提高了11.19%,15.25%和11.40%,处理间差异显著。轮耕和深松/深松、深耕/深耕处理显著增加了冬小麦、夏玉米的中后期绿叶面积和生物量,其中轮耕处理比对照叶面积增加15.50%（小麦）和3.30%（玉米）,周年生物量增加12.59%,经济产量增加了9.89%,处理间差异达显著水平。不同耕作方式下冬小麦、夏玉米周年产量变化顺序为：轮耕〉深松/深松〉深耕/常耕〉深耕/深耕〉常耕/常耕。5种处理以轮耕处理增益最显著,为4 072.09元·hm-2,其他依次是深松/深松、深耕/常耕、深耕/深耕、常耕/常耕。在黄淮小麦玉米两熟制度下,以轮耕处理对增加产量、提高土壤养分和周年经济效益最佳。
A two-year field experiment with five treatments （ST/CT, ST/ST, DT/CT, DT/DT and CT/CT） was conducted from 2011 to 2013 to study the dynamic characteristics of soil nutrient centent and growth and development of wheat and maize under diffenent rotation tillage patterns. The results showed that contents of soil organic matter and soil available nitrogen were significantly increased by 2.21% ~ 3.44% and by 11.19% , 15.25% and 11.40% respectively. Soil available phosphorus and potassium contents were increased by 15.25% and 11.40% respectively in rotation tillage patterns. There are significant difference among treatments. The green leaf areas of crops and yield were in- creased significantly by 15.50% （wheat） and 3.30% （maize） respectively, during the later crop growth stage under different tillage treatments. Dry matter weight and grain yield under different rotation tillage patterns were increased by 12.59% and 9.89% , respectively. The order of grain yield was ST/CT 〉 ST/ST 〉 DT/CT 〉 DT/DT 〉 CT/CT among five treatments. More over, the economic efficiency value was the highest in ST/CT, which is 4 072.09 yuan per hectare. Next comes ST/ST, DT/CT and DT/DT successively. It was the lowest value in CT/CT. So it is concluded that rotation tillage type is better and suitable for lime concretion black soil area in this region.
出处
《河南农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期429-437,共9页
Journal of Henan Agricultural University
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(HY 201203100)
农业部现代玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-19)
河南省国际合作项目(124300510013)
关键词
轮耕
土壤养分
小麦玉米
生长发育
产量
效益
rotation tillage patterns
soil nutrient
wheat and maize
growth and development
yield
economic efficiency
