摘要
冰雹是一种常见的自然现象,严重时会造成灾害。在黄土丘陵沟壑区相同条件下,冰雹造成的土壤侵蚀比降雨的严重。对2014年宁夏海原县树台、西吉县滥泥河水土保持试验站径流场观测资料进行了整理计算,结果显示:冰雹降水量虽小,但次降雨平均雨强、最大30 min雨强、降雨动能、降雨侵蚀力在逐次降雨中最大,造成的土壤流失量也最大;相比降雨,冰雹出现频次少,但造成的土壤流失量却很大;相对裸地与耕地,冰雹对有水土保持措施的径流小区造成的土壤流失量很小,甚至为零,因此水土保持措施是防止冰雹侵蚀的有效办法。
Hail is a common natural phenomenon and it will cause disaster when it is serious. Under the same conditions in gullied rolling loess area,the soil erosion caused by hail is more serious than that of rainfall. The paper processed and calculated the year of 2014 observed data of runoff plots of soil and water conservation experimental stations of Shutai in Haiyuan County and Lannihe in Xiji County of Ningxia. The outcomes show that a) although the rainfall of hail is small,the average rainfall intensity of total precipitation,maximum rainfall intensity in 30 min,kinetic energy of rainfall and erosive force of rainfall are the maximum in successive rainfall and the caused soil loss is also the maximum; b) comparing rainfall,the occurrence frequency of hail is less,while the caused soil loss is great and; c) comparing bare land and cultivated land,the caused soil loss of runoff plots where have soil and water conservation measures is very small even zero. Thus,soil and water conservation measures are the effective method to prevent and control hail erosion.
出处
《中国水土保持》
2015年第9期49-51,58,共4页
Soil and Water Conservation in China
关键词
土壤流失量
冰雹
降雨侵蚀力
雨强
黄土丘陵沟壑区
soil loss
hail
erosive force of rainfall
rainfall intensity
gullied rolling loess area
