摘要
目的评价深圳市某化工厂的铬作业工人的尿铬水平及其影响因素。方法 2014年10月,用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测某化工厂车间空气中铬及其无机化合物的浓度,对铬酸盐车间182名生产工人进行职业卫生知识、自觉症状的问卷调查,并进行内科、耳鼻喉科、皮肤科等项目检查及尿铬测定。由该地不接触铬作业的某加工厂91名生产工人(车工、钳工、电工)作为对照组,进行对比。结果接触组与对照组对职业卫生知识的知晓率没有明显差别;工龄越长的工人对职业卫生知识的知晓率越高;铬作业工人的职业健康损害主要表现为上呼吸道刺激症状,鼻黏膜红肿、鼻中隔糜烂、鼻中隔穿孔、鼻甲肥大、咽部充血及皮肤损伤等体征的检出率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),且接触组工人鼻中隔穿孔、溃疡及咽部充血在工种分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);接触组肝肿大检出率明显高于对照组(P<0.01),男性高于女性(P<0.05);与对照组相比,接触组尿铬浓度和异常率均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且随着工作场所空气中铬浓度的升高和工龄的增加,铬作业工人的尿铬浓度和异常率均呈上升趋势。结论工人工龄越长,对职业卫生知识知晓率越高;工龄增加、工作场所中铬浓度越高,铬接触对健康的损害越严重;铬作业工人肝脏增大与接触铬有关;而工龄增加、工作场所中铬浓度超标是导致尿铬水平升高的主要危险因素。
[Objective]To evaluate the urinary chromium level of workers with exposure, to analyze its influencing factors in a chemical plant of Shenzhen City.[Methods]In October 2014, concentration of chromium and its inorganic compounds chromium in the air of a chemical plant workshop was detected with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Totally 182 workers were surveyed by questionnaire about occupational health knowledge and subjective symptoms, as well as internal medicine, skin, ENT examination and determination of urine chromium. And other 91 workers （turner, fitter and electrician） without chromium exposure from a processing plant were selected as control group for comparison.[Results]No significant difference was observed in occupational health knowledge awareness between exposure group and control group, and workers with longer service length acquired more occupational health knowledge. Chromate production workers＂ occupational hazards were mainly characterized by upper respiratory tract irritation. Detection rate of signs of nasal mucosal swelling, nasal septum erosion and perforation, hypertrophy of nasal turbinates, pharyngeal hyperemia and skin lesions of exposure group were significantly higher than control group（P〈0.05）. Detection rate of signs of nasal septum perforation and ulcer, as well as pharyngeal hyperemia in exposure group showed significant difference among distribution of work type. Detection rate of hepatomegaly of exposure group was significantly higher than control group （P〈0.01）, male higher than female （P〈0.05）.Compared with the control group, the urinary chromium concentration and abnormal rate of exposure group were both higher, with significant differences（P〈0.01 ）. And with the increase of chromium concentration in the air of workplace and service length, chromium-exposed workers＂ urinary chromium concentration and the abnormal rate showed a rising trend.[Conclusion]Workers with longer service length in this plant also acquires higher occupational health
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2015年第16期2186-2190,共5页
Occupation and Health
基金
深圳市科技创新委员会科技研发资金基础研究项目(项目编号:JCYJ20140414110951776)
关键词
铬
暴露
尿铬
健康监护
Cr
Exposure
Urinary chromium
Health surveillance
