摘要
近年来研究发现一些有机反应在水中可以高效地进行,但是在有机溶剂中却不发生或者进行得非常缓慢,这说明水在反应中不仅仅是惰性的反应介质,水本身可以促进这些有机反应的进行.已有的研究发现,多个重要的有机反应都可以在水中进行,并且不需要添加催化剂.这些反应包括环加成反应、Claisen重排反应、亲核取代反应、Micheal加成、Friedel-Crafts反应、Knoevenagel反应、Aldol反应、保护基的保护和脱除反应、环氧化合物的开环反应等.本文按反应类型综述了近年来水促进的有机反应,其中还包括多个水促进的串联反应和多组分反应,并对水在这些反应中所起的作用进行了简述.
Motivated by the desire of finding more environmentally benign chemical processes, chemists continuously find that some organic reactions can take place in water but proceed slowly or not at all in organic solvents. This means that water can promote these organic reactions rather than only acting as an inert reaction medium. Recent studies have shown that water could promote many important organic reactions, such as cycloaddition reactions, Claisen rearrangement reactions, nucleophilic reactions, Micbeal-type reactions, Friedel-Crafts reactions, Knoevenagel reactions, Aldol reactions, protection and deprotection reactions, epoxide-opening reactions. This review focus on the advances in the field of water-promoted organic reactions. Examples on water-promoted cascade reactions and multi-component reactions are also included. Water exhibit various unique chemical and physical properties, the possible catalytic role water plays in these reactions is briefly discussed.
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第26期2525-2539,共15页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(21072098
21372119)
天津市自然科学基金(14JCYBJC20200)
中国科学院元素有机国家重点实验室基金资助
关键词
水
催化
绿色溶剂
绿色合成
water, catalysis, green solvent, green synthesis
