摘要
本文阐明了双程(回路)光速的数值可以由实验直接给出,但是单向光速的数值不能由实验获得而只能通过单向光速各向同性的假设使之等于双程光速的数值.有了这个(假定的)单向光速的数值就可以同步惯性系中的所有时钟,因而定义了惯性系的时间坐标,正是由于这种同时性定义,爱因斯坦才进而发现了狭义相对论.迄今为止所有测量光速的实验给出的都是双程而非单程光速的数值.为了从理论上阐述单程光速无法测量,我们介绍了爱德瓦兹同时性,它是使用双程光速不变而单程光速任意的假设来定义的;同时给出了与之相应的爱德瓦兹变换,进而讨论了这种同时性与爱因斯坦同时性的关系.通过时间膨胀和长度收缩效应阐明了二者在物理上是等价的,也就是说单向光速的效应在实验中不会显现.
The paper expounds the value of the two-way （loop）speed of light can be given di-rectly by experiment,however value of the one-way speed of light cannot be obtained by ex-periment but only through assuming isotropy of one-way speed of light to make it equal to the value of the two-way speed,and the （assumed）value was used to synchronize all clocks and hence the coordinate time is defined in the inertial system,it was because the definition of sim-ultaneity Einstein then developed the special theory of relativity.So far the value of the light speed given by all the experiments is that of the two-way rather than the one-way speed.In order to theoretically explain the one-way speed of light cannot be measured,we introduce Ed-wards＇simultaneity defined by the assumption of the invariance of the tow-way light speed re-gardless of any assumptions concerning the one-way speed,at the same times give the corre-sponding Edwards transformation,and then discuss relationship between this simultaneity and Einstein simultaneity.The effects of time dilation and length contraction show that the two types of the definitions for simultaneity are physically equivalent,in other wards any effect of the one-way speed of light would not appear in experiments.
出处
《物理与工程》
2015年第4期3-8,共6页
Physics and Engineering
关键词
狭义相对论
洛伦兹变换
单向光速
双程光速
时间膨胀
长度收缩
Special Relativity
Lorenz transformation
one-way speed of light
two-way speed of light
time dilation
length contraction
