摘要
2014年6月初至7月下旬,在西北旱区生长第三年紫花苜蓿的第二茬草生育期间,设置地下滴灌(SDI)、喷灌(SI)、畦灌(BI)和试验期间不灌溉(CK)四种灌溉方式进行对比试验,研究不同灌溉方式对紫花苜蓿生长、光合特性及产草量的影响。结果表明:不同灌溉方式影响土壤水分含量,SDI的土壤含水率最高,CK最低;各处理的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均呈现"午休现象",CK最明显;SDI的日均净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片水分利用效率及光能利用效率均显著(P<0.05)大于BI、SI和CK,BI与SI处理差异不显著;相比其他三种处理方式,SDI处理能有效提高苜蓿株高、茎粗、分枝数、单株重和产草量,SDI处理干草产量比BI、SI处理分别提高了10.56%和14.92%,差异显著(P<0.05)。
To study the effects of different irrigation methods on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of alfalfa, a field experiment was carried out in 2014 from early June to late July at Shiyang River Ba- sin, northwest China. The effects of irrigation methods on photosynthetic diurnal variation were studied with CI-340 portable photosynthesis system under 4 different treatments, including subsurface drip irriga- tion （SDI）, border irrigation （BI）, sprinkler irrigation （SI） and no irrigation as control （CK）, and growth and yield were also studied. The results showed that different irrigation methods had different effects on soil volumetric water content. Of all the 4 treatments, CK had the lowest soil volumetric water content, and SDI treatment having the highest soil volumetric water content was higher than that of BI, SI treat- ments and CK. Under the condition of the same irrigation time and the same irrigation amount, net photo- synthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water use efficiency and energy utilization efficiency of SDI treat- ment were significantly greater than BI, SI and CK （P〈0.05）, and the difference between BI and SI treat- ment was not significant; Compared with other irrigation methods, subsurface drip irrigation reduced sig- nificantly soil water evaporation, kept the soil water content, improved the plant height, stem diameter, branch number and yield of alfalfa （P〈0.05） ; Compared with BI, SI treatments, yield of SDI increased by 10.56% and 14.92% （P〈0.05）, respectively.
出处
《中国草地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期35-41,共7页
Chinese Journal of Grassland
基金
国家高新技术研究发展计划("863"计划)课题"作物生命需水过程控制与高效用水生理调控技术及产品"(2011AA100502)
国家自然科学基金"干旱地区紫花苜蓿喷灌水量损失过程及节水技术研究"(51379011)
关键词
紫花苜蓿
西北旱区
地下滴灌
光合特性
产草量
Alfalfa
Arid northwest China
Subsurface drip irrigation
Photosynthetic characteristics
Yield
