摘要
陕西渭北旱塬属于暖温带半湿润易旱气候区,干旱对旱地农作物生产威胁严重,该地区制约春玉米生长发育和产量低而不稳的主要因素为降水少且季节性差异较大。该研究力求探索渭北旱塬春玉米连作田在不同保护性耕作措施下土壤蓄水保墒效果和作物增产增收效应。于2007-2013年在陕西合阳实施了渭北旱塬春玉米连作田保护性耕作长期定位试验,设置了连续免耕、免耕/深松和连续翻耕等3种不同轮耕处理措施下的田间定位试验,测定春玉米休闲期和生育期土壤水分,分析各耕作处理下春玉米产量及水分利用效率的变化规律。结果表明：1相对于连续翻耕处理,冬闲期免耕/深松和连续免耕处理0~200 cm土层土壤蓄水效率6 a平均值分别提高64.6%（P〈0.05）和46.1%（P〈0.05）。平水年免耕/深松较连续免耕处理土壤蓄水效率有提高的趋势,但枯水年差异不显著。2相对于连续翻耕处理,玉米生育期免耕/深松和连续免耕处理0~200 cm土层土壤蓄水量6 a平均分别增加了9.7和2.1 mm,休闲期蓄水效率分别增加了0.7和0.5个百分点（P〈0.05）。3相对于连续翻耕处理,免耕/深松和连续免耕处理6 a平均玉米籽粒产量分别提高7.6%、0.3%,收获指数分别提高3.6和2.3个百分点,水分利用效率分别提高18.6%、5.8%（P〈0.05）。在3种耕作处理中,冬闲期和生育期深松/翻耕和连续免耕模式下土壤蓄水量、玉米籽粒产量、收获指数和水分利用效率均优于传统连续翻耕,且免耕/深松处理模式对于提高土壤蓄水保墒能力和作物增产效果最好,可作为渭北旱塬区春玉米连作田较适宜的休闲保护性轮耕模式。
Weibei dryland in Shaanxi Province belongs to the semi-humid drought climate in warm temperate zone, so drought is the biggest limiting factor for crop production in dryland. Shortage of precipitation and its uneven distribution in seasons are the main factors causing the low and unstable yields of winter wheat and spring maize in dryland. The Loess Plateau that is semi-humid and prone-to-drought, is a typical rain-fed agricultural region. Winter wheat and spring maize are main grain crops cultivated in this region. A long-term practice of applying single soil tillage measure in this area causes soil compaction, poor ability of retaining rainwater and improving water use efficiency. Many studies and practices have demonstrated that reasonable soil rotational tillage systems matching different crop rotation systems have played a very important role in maintaining sustainable development of farmland ecosystem, creating suitable environment （soil, nutrients, water, air, temperature） condition for crop growth and promoting crop yields. In order to investigate the effects of different rotational tillage systems on soil production performance in maize fields, the soil water storage, crop yield and water use efficiency as well as economic benefit were determined on the Loess Plateau of China, which would provide a theoretical basis for establishing a reasonable soil tillage system for the crop rotation system with certain fertilizing method on the semi-humid and prone-to-drought Loess Plateau. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different rotational tillage patterns on soil water conservation, grain yield and benefit increase in spring maize rotation region in Weibei highland. A six-year field experiment was carded out from 2007 to 2013 in Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Ganjing Town （35033＇ N; 110008＇ E; 900 m above sea level）, Shaanxi Province. Three kinds of different rotational tillage systems in this experiment included continuous no-tillage （NT）, no-tillage/subsoiling rota
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第16期110-118,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B02)
国家科技支撑计划(2014BAL01B01)
国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2013AA102902-5)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104)
关键词
土壤
水分
作物
渭北旱塬
保护性耕作
土壤蓄水量
产量
水分利用效率
soils
moisture
crops
Weibei highland
conservation tillage
soil water storage
yield
water use efficiency
