摘要
为减少沟灌作物根区深层渗漏量、提高作物水氮利用效率,进行棉花沟灌试验,以探讨灌水量和沟深等沟灌灌水技术要素对棉花根区深层渗漏量、耗水量、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。研究表明,试验年份棉花根区70cm深度累计深层渗漏量65.9mm,占降水量和灌水量之和的13%,随着灌水量增加,深层渗漏量有随之增加的趋势,深沟处理较浅沟处理棉花根区深层渗漏量多5.7mm。棉花实际耗水量435.3mm,灌水量和沟深的影响显著,随灌水量的增加显著增加,全生育期深沟处理比浅沟处理低15.0 mm。棉花籽棉理论和实际产量分别为3 416.6和2 857.9kg/hm2,随着灌水量增加,籽棉产量呈增加的趋势,水分利用效率WUE显著降低,理论PFP呈增加的趋势;深沟处理与浅沟处理相比,理论产量略高、实际产量略低,深沟条件下较大的深层渗漏量降低了棉花的水氮利用效率。建议在华北平原枯水年份棉花沟灌宜采用浅沟、限水灌溉,在适当提高棉花产量的同时提高水氮利用效率。
Experiment of cotton furrow irrigation was conducted to investigate the effect of furrow irrigation technical factors on cotton water requirement,yield,and water and nitrogen use efficiency.The effect of irrigation amount and ditch depth on water deep percolation in cotton root zone,cotton actual water requirement,seed yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency were discussed.The results showed that：the average water deep percolation in the experimental year was 65.9 mm at the depth of 70 cm in cotton root zone,which was 13% of the irrigated amount and rainfall;water deep percolation in cotton root zone had a tendency to increase with the increase of irrigation amount,and the water deep percolation for the treatment of deep ditch depth was 5.7mm more than that for the treatment of shallow ditch depth;actual water requirement and crop coefficient of cotton was 435.3mm and 0.56,respectively;there was a significant effect of irrigation amount and ditch depth on cotton actual water requirement;cotton actual water requirement significantly increased with the increase of irrigation amount;the cotton actual water requirement under deep ditch depth was 15 mm lower than that under shallow ditch depth;the theory and actual yield of seed cotton was 3 416.6and 2 857.9kg/hm2,respectively;with the increase of irrigation amount,seed cotton yield and theory partial factor productivity from applied N（PFP）of cotton had an increasing trend,while cotton water use efficiency（WUE）showed a deceasing trend;the theoretic yield of seed cotton for the treatment of deep ditch depth was slightly higher than that for the treatment of shallow ditch depth,while the actual yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of cotton was slightly lower.It was recommended that shallow ditch depth and limited irrigation amount for cotton furrow irrigation was adopted in dry years in the North China Plain to appropriately increase cotton yield and improve the utilization efficiency of water and nitrogen at the same time.
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2015年第8期20-25,28,共7页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家自然科学基金(31171495)
河北省自然科学基金(E2012204079)
河北农业大学理工基金(LG201304)
河北省科技计划项目(15227003D)
关键词
沟灌
深层渗漏
耗水量
水分利用效率
氮肥偏生产力
furrow irrigation
deep percolation
water requirement
water use efficiency（WUE）
partial factor productivity from applied N（PFP）
