摘要
本文细致考察了贫富差距产生的"贸易效应"和"技术偏好效应"影响环境质量变化的机制。基于世界银行数据库1960-2013年的数据,以碳排放量居全球前十的国家为样本建立面板数据模型,研究发现,随着碳排放大国贫富差距的扩大或缩小,其环境质量呈现恶化或改善的趋势。发展中国家环境质量随着外贸依存度的提高而恶化,而发达国家环境质量随着外贸依存度的提高而改善,经验分析结果验证了贫富差距的"贸易效应";贫富差距较大国家的环境质量并未随着环保研发投入的增加而改善,而贫富差距较小国家的环境质量随着环保研发投入的增加而改善,经验分析结果也验证了贫富差距的"技术偏好效应"。本文的政策含义在于,过大的贫富差距会导致环境污染加重,各国政府应将缩小贫富差距纳入环境保护政策体系。
This paper investigates the mechanism through which the ＂international trade effect＂ and the ＂technology preference effect＂ where the wealth gap results from affect environmental quality. Based on data from the World Bank Database from 1960 to 2013, this paper conducts a panel model of sample countries with the top ten carbon emissions in the world to solve the endoge- nous problem that may exist in the model through system GMM estimation. With the wealth gap between the carbon powers expanding or narrowing, the en- vironmental quality is correspondingly deteriorating or improving. The quality of the environment in developing countries deteriorates with the increase of its de- gree of dependence on foreign trade, while the environment quality in developed countries improves with the increase of its degree of dependence on foreign trade. The trade effect of the wealth gap is proved. The environmental quality of countries with a wider wealth gap does not improve with the increase of R＆D investment and environmental protection. But the environment quality of countries with a narrower wealth gap increases with better environmental protection and more R＆D investment. The ＂preference effect of technology＂ of the wealth gap is also proved. The policy implication of this paper is that narrowing the wealth gap should be introduced as a measure to the environmental protection policy system, and reducing the polarization between the rich and the poor and promoting environmental protection should be combined to serve the purpose.
出处
《国际贸易问题》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第9期76-85,共10页
Journal of International Trade
基金
自然科学基金面上项目(7147S159)
辽宁省教育厅项目(w2014056)
辽宁省社科基金项目(L14CGL036)
大学生创新创业训练项目(201410147025
201510147074)
关键词
贫富差距
贸易效应
技术偏好效应
环境保护
Wealth gap
Trade effect
Technology preference effect
Environ- mental protection
