摘要
致密油在成藏过程与成藏特征上与常规油藏存在较大差异，用常用的地球物理技术很难有效地进行预测。深入研究致密油的成藏主控因素，建立受控因素与地球物理响应之间的对应关系，创新性地利用新技术、新方法进行致密油预测是勘探开发过程中的有效举措。以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油为例进行了研究，结果袁明：①延长纽致密储层的形成受构造-沉积-成岩三大因素联合控制，储层致密后石油才开始大量生成并进入储层聚集成藏；②致密油具有连片分布、局部富集，基本不受构造控制，油、水关系复杂，没有明显油藏边界的特征，异常超压是石油运移的主要动力，裂缝（隙）对石油运聚具有一定的促进作用；⑧叠前反演技术与合油预测技术均缺乏相应的理论依据，不适用于延长组致密油的预测。优质储层预测技术与岩石脆性预测技术对致密油预测具有较好的应用效果．是延长组致密油预测的有效技术方法。
There is a big difference between tight oil and conventional reservoirs in accumulation process and accumulation characteristics. It is diffi- cult to effectively predict the tight oil with conventional geophysical techniques. The effective measures to explore and develop the tight oil are to pre- dict the tight oil through innovative use of new technologies and new methods on the basis of in-depth study into the main controlling factors of tight oil reservoir forming, and establishing correspondence between the controlled factors and geophysical responses. Yanchang Formation tight oil in Ordos Basin has been studied as an example. The results show that：① the formation of the Yanchang Formation tight oil reservoirs is controlled jointly by three major factors tectonic, sedimentary, and diagenetic. A large number of oil began to generate and enter the reservoir, and accumulate to form a SRCA （source-reservoir-caprock assemblage） after the reservoirs compact tight;②characteristics of tight oil is contiguously distributed, locally en- riched, and basically un controlled by structures. The oil-water relationship is complex, without obvious reservoir boundaries. Abnormal overpressure is the main driver of oil migration. Cracks （fissures） have a certain facilitating role on oil migration and accumulation; ③ both pre-stack inversion and oil prediction techniques lacks its corresponding theoretical basis, not appropriate for predicting Yanchang Formation tight oil. Quality reservoir and rock brittleness prediction techniques have good effect for tight oil prediction, being effective methods for Yanchang Formation to forecast the tight oil.
基金
基金项目：中国石油东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司“鄂尔多斯盆地延长组准连续型油藏的预测方法探索”自立科研项目（03-02-02-2014）资助.
关键词
致密油
延长组
鄂尔多斯盆地
地球物理技术
岩石脆性
储层预测
tight oil
Yanchang Formation
Ordos Basin
geophysical techniques
brittle rock
reservoir prediction
