摘要
耗氧污染是海河流域河流水污染的主要类型,耗氧污染物对河流溶氧的消耗产生的氧亏效应对水生生物产生重大影响.收集海河流域重点水功能区88个监测站点2000—2011年CODCr/CODMn、NH3-N指标,分析河流耗氧污染特征及演变趋势,并基于水质目标(2 mg·L-1)下计算出海河流域河流氧亏量.结果表明,流域河流耗氧污染总体呈现好转趋势,耗氧污染指标(NH3-N、CODCr/CODMn)逐渐降低,I^III类水质站点比例增加,劣V类水质站点数和超标倍数减少;CODMn降低幅度大于NH3-N,主要污染物由COD向NH3-N转化.海河流域重点氧亏区域主要集中于中部平原段和下游滨海段,未氧亏区域多集中于上游山区段;北三河、黑龙港运东与徒骇马颊河水系中部平原段整体处于缺氧区域,子牙河水系中部平原区缺氧现象最为严重,氧亏区域位于石家庄洨河下游、滏阳河艾辛庄下游至献县段及石津总干以南;海河流域内中部平原段河流氧亏的主要贡献仍以COD为主,但氨氮的贡献显著,其中黑龙港运东水系、徒骇马颊河水系和北三河水系,COD耗氧均值都高于5 mg·L-1,在北三河和子牙河水系,氨氮耗氧均值达到了4 mg·L-1.
As the main type of water pollutions in the Haihe River Basin,oxygen-consuming substances,which is discharged into river and consumed dissolved oxygen,have an advesely effect on aquatic organisms. Chemical oxygen demand（ CODCr/ CODMn） and ammonia（ NH3-N）,from the 88 sites in the main water functional zone of the Haihe River Basin,were collected to investigate the trends of dissolved oxygen and the main oxygen-consuming substances in the rivers of the Haihe River Basin（ from 2000 to 2011）. Oxygen deficit situation was calculated by considering oxygen consumption of ammonia converted to nitrate,the oxidative degradation of COD and oxygen process of river reaeration balance. In this study,regional distribution of oxygen deficit was calculated based on 2 mg·L- 1DO. The results showed the pollution by the oxygen-consuming substances in the Haihe River Basin presents an improvement trend. Oxygen-consuming substances（ both of NH3-N and COD） in the water gradually reduced,and the ratios for the sites with class I to III water quality increased,according to the environmental quality standard for surface water（ GB3838—2002）,and the number of sites and occurrance of water quality worse than class V declined. CODMnhad a greater decrease than NH3-N,indicating the main pollution in the Haihe Basin was shifted from COD to NH3-N. This study clearly revealed that NH3,not COD,was the most important pollutant in terms of oxygen deficit in Haihe River System,which should be taken into account for the water pollution control plan in next five years. Less oxygen deficit area was mainly in upstream of mountain segments. Beisanhe,Heilonggang and Tuhaimajia River System were in the hypoxia zone. The most serious oxygen deficient occurred in Central plain region of the Ziya River watershed,located in downstream of Xiaohe River in Shijiazhuang City,Fuyang River between Aixinzhuang and XianxianCounty and the south of Shijinzonggan Canal,in central plain region of the Haihe River Basin. The main contribution to oxygen
出处
《环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第8期2324-2335,共12页
Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2012ZX07203-006)~~
关键词
海河流域
耗氧污染物
氧亏
the Haihe River Basin
oxygen consumption pollutants
oxygen deficiency
