摘要
【目的】西南烤烟种植区的典型特征是＂缓坡条件＂和＂分散经营＂,基于自然地块的变量施肥技术体系,研究分散经营条件下烤烟养分分区管理,以探讨分散经营条件下作物精准施肥的经济效益和应用可行性。【方法】分散经营土壤养分管理分区的基本步骤：计算土壤养分插值,以地块为单元统计土壤养分,依据施肥模型针对地块进行肥料养分推荐、聚类分析地块肥料养分,形成针对地块的养分管理分区。在云南宜良县,以50×50 m的网格进行土壤取样,应用地统计方法进行土壤养分空间变异分析、Kriging方法进行空间插值、空间叠加分析方法统计地块养分、聚类分析方法建立养分管理分区,大田试验检验养分分区管理方法的应用效果。【结果】研究结果表明,试验地块为中等肥力,土壤养分存在区域分布特征,适合分区养分管理。地统计分析显示,土壤养分变异主要来源于结构因素,可以进行地统计分析和空间插值,满足精准养分分区管理的要求。无机氮的有效变程最小,控制采样密度,缓坡农田和分散经营条件下精准养分管理的网格采样间距在50 m左右。根据空间分析结果,结合施肥指标体系,提出了111块烟田的推荐施肥量,并通过聚类分析的方法将111块农田的肥料养分推荐量分为8个管理区。与对照相比,烤烟精准养分分区管理可以节约氮、磷肥料分别为10.7%、10.3%,氮、磷养分投入分别节约成本43.2yuan/hm^2、50.0 yuan/hm^2,因增加钾素养分投入增加成本6.9 yuan/hm^2,累计节省肥料成本86.3 yuan/hm^2。烤烟产量、上等烟比例、均价、产值均有增加,其中,产量增加幅度6.7%-14.5%,平均增产10.6%;上等烟比例增加幅度4.2%-13.0%,平均增加7.3%;均价增加幅度0.13-0.54 yuan/kg,平均增加0.48 yuan/kg;产值增加幅度7.50-18.3%,平均增加14.0%;与常规施肥相比,分散经营条件下烤烟精准养分管理使烤烟增�
【Objectives】The study aimed to research the method of soil nutrient interpolation and management zone based on soil nutrient variability and nature operation unit,which is on condition of decentralized operations and hilly- sloppy lands for planting tobacco in southwest China. 【Methods 】 Soil nutrient interpolation and management zone was established by the empirical study. On condition of diversified management,the basic steps of soil nutrient precise management and partition were put forward without the support of variable machine equipment,which included soil nutrition interpolation,soil nutrient statistics taking the separate plot as a unit,fertilizer formula recommended according to the fertilizer model,and plot nutrient management based on cluster analysis of fertilizer nutrient. In Yiliang county of Yunnan Province,soil samples were collected every 50 × 50 m on farmland with typical production organization and topography. Data were analyzed by geographic statistics for spatial variability of soil nutrients and by Kriging for spatial interpolation and by spatial overlay analysis statistics for fertilization and by clustering analysis method for nutrient management zone establishment. Effect of regionalized nutrient management method was verified through the field trial. 【Results 】 The experimental field belongs to medium fertility,and soil nutrients have regional distribution characteristics and suitable for the partition of nutrient management. Soil nutrient variations are mainly from the structural factors,which can carry out statistical analysis and spatial interpolation to meet the requirements of precision nutrient management. The effective range of inorganic nitrogen is the minimum,which controls the sampling density,and the grid sampling spacing is about 50 m of precision nutrient management under the condition of slope farmland and decentralized management. According to the spatial analysis results,combined with the index system for fertilization,the fertilization rates of the 111 field
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期1066-1074,共9页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
中国烟草总公司科技重点项目烟草精准施肥关键技术研究与示范(110200902062)
贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司科技项目遵义市烟草精准施肥关键技术研究与示范(2011-02)资助
关键词
分散经营
土壤养分管理分区
精准施肥
烤烟
decentralized operation
soil nutrient management zone
precision fertilization
flue-cured tobacco
