摘要
玉米是我国第一大粮食作物,在国家粮食安全保障和国民经济持续发展中起着重要作用。在不增加甚至减少肥料投入情况下实现玉米单产持续增长,是我国玉米科技界亟待回答的关键科学问题和重要技术难题。为此,在我国玉米主产区,开展了生产调研、文献查阅和实践验证的综合分析。调研结果和文献分析表明,合理密植可以进一步提高玉米单产,适当减少前期氮肥用量可以显著提高肥料利用效率。东北春玉米生产实践也证明,选用耐密品种,密度提高和前期氮肥减少各30%,可增产15%,氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)可提高30%左右。可见,增密减氮有利于玉米增产和氮肥增效的协调,是实现玉米绿色增产增效的有效途径。不同玉米种植区可以通过扩行缩株种植,控前促后深施肥,因地制宜地实施增密减氮。鉴于我国玉米种植区域广泛,本文所建议的相关技术方案仍需要进一步的大面积试验验证。
Maize is the largest grain crop in both sown area and production in China, and it plays important roles in ensuring Chinese food security and economic sustainable development. The key scientific and technological problem for Chinese maize scientists is how to sustain maize yield with unchanged or even less N fertilization. An integrated study, therefore, was conducted in major Chinese maize cropping areas. Maize cropping survey and literature review indicate that a rational increase in planting density is the fundamental approach to enhancing maize yield, and that a proper reduction in basal N application rate can significantly improve N use efficiency. Furthermore, a multiple-site field experiment demonstrate that spring maize yield and partial factor productivity for applied N can he concurrently enhanced through increasing planting density and decreasing basal N by 30% as compared to the traditional crop- ping. This study suggests that dense planting with less basal N use rate benefits maize cropping for high yield with high N use efficiency. Dense planting with less basal N use can be conducted through widening row spacing and shortening plant spacing, and through decreasing basal fertilization rate and maintaining dressing fertilization rate ac- cording to the local status of current maize cropping. Due to the great differences in major Chinese maize cropping areas, the technique suggestions in this study still need to be verified at a large scale.
出处
《作物杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2015年第4期1-4,共4页
Crops
关键词
中国
玉米栽培
增密减氮
绿色环保
China
Maize cropping
Dense planting with less N fertilization
Green development and environmentalprotection
