摘要
采用田间试验,研究了秋季覆膜、春季顶凌覆膜和播前覆膜对全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤温度、籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响。结果表明：春季顶凌覆膜处理可显著提高全膜双垄沟播玉米15 cm土层温度,较播前覆膜和秋季覆膜处理分别提高4.10℃和7.76℃,差异极显著,秋季覆膜处理可使20 cm和25 cm土层温度较春季顶凌覆膜和播前覆膜处理高4.07℃～5.35℃和3.15℃～5.07℃,差异极显著;秋季覆膜处理籽粒灌浆速率较春季顶凌覆膜和播前覆膜处理高45.93%和36.28%,均达极显著水平,籽粒产量分别高18.17%和7.98%,均达极显著水平,百粒重较春季顶凌覆膜处理高15.28%,达显著水平。相关性分析表明,秋季覆膜处理下玉米灌浆期20 cm和25cm土层温度与最大灌浆速率呈极显著正相关关系,与籽粒产量呈正相关关系。研究得出秋季覆膜处理可显著提高全膜双垄沟播玉米20 cm土层以下土壤温度,缩短籽粒最大灌浆速率出现的时间,加快籽粒的灌浆速率,提高单位面积的籽粒产量,是干旱半干旱地区玉米生产获得高产的最佳覆膜时期。
The study aims to investigate the effects of film mulching time,autumn,in early spring,and before sowing,on soil temperature,grain filling characteristics and yield with film mulched double-furrow sowing. The results showed that the soil temperature in 15 cm increased significantly under the treatment of mulching in early spring,increased by 4. 10℃ and 7. 76℃. The soil temperature increased markedly by 4. 07℃ ～ 5. 35℃ and 3.15℃ ～ 5. 07℃ in the 20 cm and 25 cm layers. The 100-grain weight of film mulched in autumn was significantly improved by 15. 28% compared with the treatment of film mulched in early spring. Correlation analysis indicated that soil temperature at 20 cm and 25 cm layers were positively correlated with maximum filling rate,and with grain yield at filing stage of maize under the treatment of film mulched in autumn. The results indicated that the treatment of film mulched in autumn may shorten filling time,improve the rate of grain filling and thus increase the grain yield,being the best pattern for maize production in arid and semi- arid areas.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期30-35,40,共7页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室开放基金(GSCS-2012-16)
国家自然科学基金项目(30960187
31460331)
关键词
玉米
全膜双垄沟播
覆膜时期
灌浆特性
产量
maize
film mulched double-furrow sowing
different film mulched time
filling characteristics
yield
