摘要
近年来,多孔材料因具有较高的比表面积、较低的相对密度以及较好的吸附性能等吸引了化学、物理以及材料等领域科研人员的研究兴趣,已被广泛应用于气体储存、吸附催化和电化学等方面.金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料作为近年来迅猛发展的新兴多孔材料,由于具有有序、规整的结构,较高的比表面积以及结构可调等特性,使其较传统多孔材料具有更诱人的应用前景.然而,由于MOFs具有相对较差的稳定性,其实际应用和发展受到了很大的限制.为了进一步推进MOFs材料的应用进程,可利用MOFs材料受热易分解的缺点,将其高温煅烧碳化制备稳定的纳米多孔碳材料.本文综述了MOFs作为牺牲模板煅烧制备纳米多孔碳材料的方法及其应用,并且展望了其在能源、环境以及催化方面的应用前景.
In recent years, nanoporous materials have attracted much attention owing to their high specific surface areas and narrow pore-size distribution. These materials have been widely used in gas storage, gas separation, catalysis and electrochemistry. Nanoporous carbon materials （NPCs）, a sub-family of nanoporous materials, have been one type of the most popular functional materials. Enormous efforts have been made in the preparation of NPCs with various pore structures. Although many new NPCs have been prepared, most of them have mesoporous/macroporous/disordered structures, which limit their performance as functional materials. Therefore, the development of convenient synthetic methods to NPCs with narrower pore size at a microporous level is still a significant challenge. More recently, a novel, efficient synthetic method, thermal decomposition of metal-organic frameworks （MOFs）, has been developed to obtain well-defined ordered NPCs with narrow pore sizes. MOFs have emerged as a new class of porous materials that are assembled with metal ions and organic ligands. Owing to their ordered structures, high surface areas, and large pore volumes, MOFs have been widely utilized in a variety of fields such as heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemistry, gas adsorption, and sensors. Considering the low coordination bond energy between the ligands and metal ions of MOFs, the stability of MOFs is normally lower than the traditional porous materials. MOFs have been considered as alternative precursors for the preparation of new metal oxides or carbon nanomaterials by pyrolysis. This article briefly reviews the recent progress in the preparation of these novel MOF-derived nanoporous carbons. We describe two methods to synthesize MOF-derived nanoporous carbons. One is one-step direct pyrolysis of MOFs for synthesis of nanoporous carbons. The other is introduced carbon sources into the micropores of MOFs before calcination. Furfuryl alcohol （FA）, glycerol, carbon tetrachloride and ethylenediamine, and phenolic resin h
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第20期1906-1914,共9页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(21322606)资助
关键词
多孔材料
金属有机骨架
煅烧
纳米碳材料
porous materials, metal-organic frameworks, calcination, carbon nanomaterials
