摘要
人类目前利用能源的效率还很低,大量的能源以废热的形式被浪费掉了,因此对废热的处理和利用是关系到国民经济和环境保护的重大问题.通过人工微纳结构材料实现热能的转换及控制是近年来兴起的一个交叉领域,它涵盖了物理学、化学、材料科学、工程等诸多学科.本文综述了该领域的最新发展情况:包括微纳米结构对热电材料的热电优值的提升,声子晶体中热导率的急剧减小,热二极管等声子热能器件对热能的调控、以及热学隐身衣等热超构材料的理论设想和实验实现.最后,总结了中国在这个领域的研究现状,并展望了未来的发展方向和趋势.
The energy efficiency in human activities is low, most of the energy is wasted in the form of waste heat. Waste heat harvesting and thermal management are crucial issues to the economy and the environmental protection. Using artificial microstructure materials in thermal energy transfer and heat flux manipulation is a multidisciplinary field which is closely related to physics, chemistry, material, and engineering. We review the recent progresses in this field： the figure-of-merit enhancement of thermoelectric materials using micro-/nano-structures, the reduction of thermal conductivity in phononic crystals, the heat flux manipulation in phononic devices such as thermal diodes, and the realization of thermal cloak. The current research status and the prospect of this field in China is also presented.
出处
《中国科学：技术科学》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第7期705-713,共9页
Scientia Sinica(Technologica)
基金
国家自然科学基金(批准号:11334007)资助项目
关键词
微纳结构
热电材料
声子热能器件
热超构材料
micro-/nano-structure
thermoelectric materials
phononic devices
thermal microstructure devices
