摘要
To unify different seismic geometries, the concept of generalized offset is defined and the expressions for Fresnel zones of different order on a plane are presented. Based on wave theory, the equation of the lateral wave-field stacking for generalized-offset Fresnel zones is derived. For zero and nonzero offsets, the lateral stacking amplitude of diffraction bins of different sizes is analyzed by referring to the shape of the Fresnel zones of different order. The results suggest the following. First, the contribution of diffraction bins to wave- field stacking is related to the offset, surface relief, interface dip, the depth of the shot point to the reflection interface, the observational geometry, and the size of the interference stacking region. Second, the first-order Fresnel zone is the main constructive interference, and its contribution to the reflection amplitude is slightly smaller than half the contribution of all Fresnel zones. Finally, when the size of the diffraction bin is smaller than the first- order Fresnel zone, the larger the size of the diffraction bin, the larger is the amplitude of the receiver, even in the nonzero offset-case.
便于不同观测系统的统一,本文定义了广义炮检距概念,给出了空间平界面广义炮检距不同阶地震菲涅耳带表达式。基于波动理论,推导出了广义炮检距地震菲涅耳带横向叠加波场公式。以不同阶几何菲涅耳带形状为参考,分为零炮检距和非零炮检距情况,进行了相似菲涅耳带不同绕射面元大小的横向叠加振幅分析。结果表明:①绕射面元对观测点的波场贡献与炮检距、地表起伏程度、界面倾斜程度、激发点到界面深度、观测方式和干涉叠加区大小等因素有关;②第一菲涅耳带是主要绕射波干涉叠加区,并且该区域对观测点的半振幅贡献约小于所有阶菲涅耳带的振幅贡献;③当绕射面元小于第一菲涅耳带时,即使采用非自激自收观测方式,仍有绕射面元越大观测点振幅越大的结论。
基金
financially supported by the National"Five"major projects(Grant No.2011ZX05024-001)
