摘要
中国"三农"问题突出的原因是多方面的,其根源不在土地公有制,解决的根本途径不是土地私有化、市场化,而应该是实现邓小平提出的"第二个飞跃",即"适应科学种田和生产社会化的需要,发展适度规模经营,发展集体经济"。农地制度改革必须坚持"三条底线"。土地增值收益是由多种原因造成的,所以地利应该共享、涨价应该归公、失地农民补偿应该合理。土地财政既具有合理性又存在缺陷,不是有害无益,因此不能取消,但需要改革完善。农业规模经营是农业现代化的必由之路,中国地少人多、地区差别大,只能实行多样化的适度规模经营,主要应该是新农村集体规模经营,不能像欧美国家那样以私有制家庭农场为主。农业规模经营需要实行土地流转,但主要不是向资本和私人手中流转,而应该主要向新农村集体流转,这不是要退回到人民公社制度,而是要实行新的既坚持社会主义性质又适应市场经济要求的新型农村集体经营方式。
Why are the rural challenges so prominent in China and what would be the way out? Why must rural reform keep the "three bottom lines" and why should rural land not be privatized? Why should the gains from rural land price appreciation go to the public sector and be shared with the public? Why may "land finance", fiscal spending supported by revenues from public land sales, be appropriate? Whether and how would China achieve large-scale agriculture? Whether and how would agricutural land enter the land market? What would be the path for China's agricultural modernization? In response to these questions, this paper provides answers that are different from popular views.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第7期33-41,共9页
Academic Monthly
基金
国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(09&ZD025)的研究成果
关键词
农村改革
“三农”问题
农地制度
农业经营方式
rural reform, problems about agriculture, ruralareas and peasantry, landownership system,agricultural management mode