摘要
为研究流域降雨侵蚀力变化规律,利用三峡库区香溪河流域内10个雨量站1971—2010年的日降雨资料,采用降雨侵蚀力日降雨简易模型,分析该流域降雨侵蚀力的年内分配和年际变化规律。在Arc GIS软件支持下,采用克里格插值研究流域降雨和降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征。结果表明：香溪河流域降雨侵蚀力多年变化范围为2 465.26~7 419.29 MJ·mm/（hm2·h）,多年平均均值为4 535.63 MJ·mm/（hm2·h）,降雨侵蚀力R值的年际分配差异明显,最大年R值为最小年R值的3倍;流域侵蚀力空间变化趋势为从西向东逐渐递减;流域近40多年的降雨和降雨侵蚀力系列比较平稳,经Mann-kendall检验无显著的变化趋势。流域降雨量、侵蚀性降雨量和降雨侵蚀力年内分布较集中,汛期降雨量、汛期侵蚀性降雨量、汛期降雨侵蚀力占全年的比例分别为85.4%、92.4%和94.0%。
Based on the daily rainfall data of ten rain gauging stations from 1971 to 2010 in the Xiangxi River watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir region,we studied the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of rainfall erosivity estimated with our focus on the annual and inter-annual trends of the rainfall erosivity（ R-factor） for the watershed through Mann Kendall nonparametric tests and Kriging space interpolation of Arcgis software. The results are shown as follows. 1） From 1971 to 2010,the annual rainfall erosivity of the watershed changed from 2 465. 26 to 7 419. 29 MJ·mm /（ hm2·h）,with an average annual rainfall erosivity of 4 535. 63 MJ·mm /（ hm2·h）. 2） There was a great variation of interannual R-factor with the maximum three times greater than the minimum. The intra-annual distribution of rainfall,erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity were highly concentrated with a single peak,mainly during the period from April to October,accounting for 85. 4%,92. 4% and 94% of whole year values,respectively. 3） For the whole Xiangxi River watershed,annual precipitation and rainfall erosivity had no significant tendencies of change over 40 years. 4） The results also showed that the spatial distribution of R in the Xiangxi River Watershed decreased rapidly from the west to the east.
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期1-7,共7页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目"长江流域山洪灾害区域特征及防御体系研究"(201301059)
江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室开放基金"赣江上游水沙时空演变及其植被恢复的响应"(JXSB201303)
江西省自然科学基金"赣江流域产汇流参数及水沙变化对LUCC的响应研究"(20132BAB203032)
关键词
降雨侵蚀力
日降雨量
时空分布
香溪河流域
rainfall erosivity
daily rainfall
spatio-temporal distribution
Xiangxi river watershed
