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身份政治驱使下的美国对外政策——以美国空袭叙利亚境内目标为例 被引量:2

U.S.Foreign Policy Driven by Identity Politics:Taking U.S.Military Airstrikes on Syria as a Case
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摘要 在对外政策分析方面,研究者应该多视角、多维度地观察和理解一项对外政策。把有关身份及话语的理论引入对外政策研究,有助于拓宽政策分析的视野和手段。在对外政策的全部过程中,确定身份是至关重要的事情。像美国这样的大国,它的对外政策往往受到身份政治的驱使和影响。国家身份不仅是一种文化建构,而且还是话语作用的产物。因此,为了更好地理解和分析对外政策,有必要考察文化与对外政策之间存在的密切关系。在当代美国身份中有两个突出且不一致,甚至彼此冲突的表现——民族主义和"普世"主义。它们不仅体现在美国对外政策的话语及行动中,而且经常给美国对外政策带来错综复杂的后果。2014年夏季,为了维护自身在中东的安全利益,美国决意对叙利亚境内不断扩张的"伊斯兰国"极端势力实施空袭。但是,这一军事行动缺乏来自国内外机构的必要授权,也没有获得叙利亚政府同意。于是,奥巴马政府选择利用话语建构了一个更为"迫在眉睫"、"更为直接"的威胁——"呼罗珊集团"以及它与恐怖主义"基地"组织的联系,以便为美国主导下实施的这一空袭政策寻找到"合法性"和"正当性",为人们从经验上观察和理解美国对外政策如何受到身份政治驱使提供了一个最近的例子。 Identity matters in foreign policy.It is not only a cultural construction but also the production of discursive practice.In order to better understand and interpret foreign policy,there is a need to examine a close relationship between culture and foreign policy,or,in this context,constitutive aspects of identity,discourse and foreign policy.The introduction of theories of identity politics and discourse into foreign policy analysis may facilitate methodologically this academic enterprise.The national identity of the United States has two outstanding yet inconsistent and even conflicting representations of nationalism and universalism,which often help drive and have impacts on U.S.foreign and defense policy.A discursive production of a 'Khorasan Group' and succeeding launch of U.S military airstrike on the soil of Syria in the autumn of 2014 offers another illustration of an identity-driven U.S.foreign policy making and behavior.
作者 刘永涛
出处 《世界经济与政治》 CSSCI 北大核心 2015年第6期123-137,160,共15页 World Economics and Politics
关键词 身份政治 美国对外政策 话语 “呼罗珊集团” 合法性 identity politics U.S.foreign policy discourse Khorasan Group
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