摘要
传染病防治已不再是单一国家的问题,全球任何一地的疫情也随时可能在下一刻影响到自己国家,因此完善的疾病监测体系成为最重要的防疫武器,而地理信息系统在其中扮演了关键的角色。经由疾病病例的时空分布可视化,即能快速辅助防疫策略的规划、施行与评估,达成决策支持的目标,另外整合空间统计方法的运用,可系统化与科学化地从大量历史资料中侦测出异常事件,以便公共卫生人员进行研判与调查。由于互联网、移动设备、社交媒体的大量普及使用而建立起了新兴社交网络,开启了由下而上的民众监测体系,跳脱了传统式官方自上而下的权威式公共卫生治理,不仅强化民众参与,更能从社区角度提早至病患就医前就能掌握疫情走向,提升社区侦测效果,再辅以空间资讯对风险区提早做适当的介入。因此地理信息系统除了传统回溯性的疾病聚集研究外,也能有前瞻性防杜下一波流行的功效。
With the rapid development of traffic, international trades, traveling and the rising impact of environmental changes, infectious diseases have increasingly become as global threats to human beings. Hence the prevention of infectious diseases is no longer a problem only restricted in one country. In other words, the epidemics in anywhere of the world might affect one＇s own country subsequently. Therefore, thecomprehensive disease surveillance system will be the most important tool for better preventing infectious diseases. And geographical information system （GIS） has played a critical role in the surveillance system. The timely spatio-temporal visualization of the infected cases can assist decision-makers to reach public health goal for better planning, implementation and evaluation of prevention/control strategies. In addition, through integrating spatial statistics into the surveillance, public health professionals can early detect the aberration events from large historical data systematically and scientifically for further investigation, monitoring, and verification. With the widely increasing use of internet, mobile devices and social medias, establishing a bottom-up citizen-based surveillance system becomes feasible. This novel approach of public accessible surveillance not only allows citizens＇ participation but also provides community surveillance even prior to patients＇ seeking hospitals. Therefore, such a bottom-up surveillance system is quite different from the traditional top-down authority-controlled surveillance system for public health governance. The spatial information compiling with surveillance results will be very helpful to target the risk areas for appropriate intervention. In conclusion, GIS assists traditionally retrospective studies on spatial clustering of a disease and empowers with capability to prospectively prevent the next waves of epidemics as well.
出处
《科研信息化技术与应用》
2015年第1期64-71,共8页
E-science Technology & Application
