摘要
目的：了解我国东、中、西部地区农村妇女的围绝经期现状,为改善农村围绝经期妇女的健康状况和建立农村围绝经期妇女的保健服务模式提供依据。方法：采用整群随机抽样方法,在东、中、西部地区7个省,选取年龄在40~65岁的农村妇女3 500人为调查对象,使用统一问卷进行入户现场调查,获得3 463份有效问卷。结果：55.0%的调查对象已经绝经,东部、中部、西部地区平均绝经年龄分别为49.6岁、48.3岁、47.7岁,地区间年龄分布有统计学差异（P=0.000）。围绝经期综合征的发生率为60.3%,14.8%的妇女反应较严重,中部地区妇女围绝经期有严重反应的比例高于西部、东部地区,对围绝经期知晓的妇女围绝经症状的发生率及严重程度明显高于不清楚的妇女。进入围绝经期的妇女中有626名妇女放置了宫内节育器避孕,147名（23.5%）妇女绝经后没有取出,其中,中部和西部地区妇女绝经后没有取出宫内节育器发生率明显高于东部地区,分别占32.7%和31.9%,地区间有统计学差异（P=0.000）。结论：农村妇女围绝经期保健意识薄弱,容易忽视围绝经期有关的症状及对绝经后安全取出宫内节育器的必要性没有明确的认识。应将妇幼专干、村医、计生专干的工作有效整合与分工,提升在第一线面对面咨询服务的能力,承担起对农村妇女的健康教育与咨询指导责任。
Objective： To understand perimenopausal statuses of rural women in the east, central, and west areas of China, provide a basis for improving bealth of perimenopausal women in rural areas and establishing health care service mode for them. Methods： Cluster random sampling method was used to select 3 500 rural women aged 40-65 years old from seven provinces in the east, central, and west areas of China, a uniform questionnaire was used to conduct household survey, a total of 3 463 valid questionnaires were collected. Results： Among the rural women, 55.0% of them were postmenopausal women. The mean menopausal age in east, central, and west areas were 49. 6 years old, 48. 3 years old, and 47.7 years old, respectively, there was statistically significant difference in the distribution of age among the three areas （ P = 0. 000 ） . The incidence rate of perimenopausal syndrome was 60. 3% , 14. 8% of them had severe perimenopausal syndrome, and the proportion of women with severe perimenopausal syndrome in central area was higher than those in west and east areas ; the incidence rate and severity of perimenopausal syndrome among the women understanding perimenopause were higher than the women not understanding perimenopause. Among the perimenopausal women, 626 women had intrauterine contraceptive devices, 147 women （23.5 % ） did not take out intrauterine contraceptive devices; the incidence rates of not taking out intrauterine contraceptive devices in central and west areas after menopause were 32. 7% and 31.9%, respectively, which were statistically significantly higher than that in east area （P = 0. 000 ）, there was regional difference. Conclusion： Countryside women have poor health care consciousness about perimenopausal syndrome, and they are unaware of related symptoms of perimenopausal syndrome and they lack the knowledge of the importance of taking out intrauterine contraceptive devices after menopause. It is important to make sure local doctors and population control officers work collaborativ
出处
《中国妇幼保健》
CAS
2015年第17期2799-2801,共3页
Maternal and Child Health Care of China
基金
国家社科基金项目〔11BRK016〕
关键词
农村妇女
围绝经期
健康状况
Rural woman
Perimenopausal period
Health status
