1Hunt SA.ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult:a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2005,46(6):e1-e82. 被引量：1
2Dickstein K,Cohen-Solal A,Filippatos G,et al.ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008:the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology.Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM)[J].Eur Heart J,2008,29(19):2388-2442. 被引量：1
3Fonarow GC.Epidemiology and risk stratification in acute heart failure[J].Am Heart J,2008,155(2):200-207. 被引量：1
4MacIntyre K,Capewell S,Stewart S,et al.Evidence of improving prognosis in heart failure:trends in case fatality in 66 547 patients hospitalized between 1986 and 1995[J].Circulation,2000,102(10):1126-1131. 被引量：1
5Krumholz HM,Wang Y,Parent EM,et al.Quality of care for elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure[J].Arch Intern Med,1997,157(19):2242-2247. 被引量：1
7Peacock WF 4th,de Marco T,Fonarow GC,et al.Cardiac troponin and outcome in acute heart failure[J].N Engl J Med,2008,358(20):2117-2126. 被引量：1
8Fonarow GC,Abraham WT,Albert NM,et al.Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF):rationale and design[J].Am Heart J,2004,148:43-51. 被引量：1
9Siiril(a)-Waris K,Lassus J,Melin J,et al.Characteristics,outcomes,and predictors of 1-year mortality in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure[J].Eur Heart J,2006,27:3011-3017. 被引量：1
10Bhatia RS,Tu JV,Lee DS,et al.Outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a population-based study[J].N Engl J Med,2006,355(3):260-269. 被引量：1
