摘要
【目的】了解布隆迪共和国(以下简称布隆迪)农作物良种繁育体系及推广模式,为深化我国与布隆迪农业合作提供参考。【方法】介绍分析布隆迪的农业良种使用基本情况、繁育模式、良种行政管理与推广体系及取得的主要成就,并针对其存在的问题提出发展建议。【结果】近年来,布隆迪主要粮食作物种子年度使用量相对较稳定,其中菜豆、花生、土豆、水稻等种子使用量呈上升趋势。布隆迪已初步建立了农作物良种繁育与推广体系,农业良种基本实现自给自足,其良种繁育模式分为民间良种繁育模式和国家良种繁育模式,但良种产出效率相对较低,尤其是商品良种,主要表现在繁育技术落后,良种质量差,且繁育成本高,与良种年度使用情况极不吻合。布隆迪农业技术推广体系组织机构完整,但运行效率相对较低,其主要原因是推广主体较单一,推广经费严重缺乏,基层农业技术推广人员素质不高,推广手段和推广条件落后。【建议】政府主导,强化统筹推进;科技先行,发挥支撑作用;开放市场,依托企业创新。
[Objective ]The breeding system and promotion model of improved crop variety in Burundi were studied to provide references to enhance the cooperation between China and the Republic of Burundi (Burundi for short). [ Method ] Aimed to agricultural improved varities of Burundi, the basic utilization situation, administrative management and promotion systems, breeding models and main achievements were introduced and analysed. As for existing problems, some targeted suggestions for development were put forward. [Result]In recent years, the amounts of main food crop seeds used in Burundi remained relatively stable. Among which, there was an increasing trend of amount for seeds used of pea bean, peanut, potato, rice and so on. Burundi had mainly established systems for seed breeding and promotion and had achieved mainly self-sufficiency of improved seeds. There were two breeding systems viz., the folk breeding system and national breeding system. While due to the backwardness of breeding technology, poor quality and high breeding cost, the outputting efficiency of improved varities was relatively lower, especially the commercial seeds, which was not consistent with utilization situation of improved seeds. While the organization for agricultural technology promotion system was relatively perfect in Burundi, the operating efficiency for promotion was relatively lower, owing to the single promoting subject, lack of promotion expense, low-quality technicians to spread agricultural technology and backwardness of promotion means and conditions. [ Suggestion ] Some suggestions of development were put forward to establish breeding system and promotion model dominated by government, put science ahead to play a role of scientific support in development, and open market depending on enterprise innovation.
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期729-734,共6页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
科技部对发展中国家科技援助专项项目(2010)
广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科产10100020-1
桂科合1346009-4)
广西农业科学院基本科研业务费专项项目(桂农科2014YZ38)
关键词
布隆迪
良种繁育
体系
推广模式
发展建议
Burundi
improved seed breeding
system
promotion model
development suggestion