摘要
目前海洋捕捞渔获物主要分为三大类,包括鱼类、甲壳类和头足类。这三类生物共存于一片水域,同处一个生态系统,相互之间存在着诸多联系,如捕食与被捕食、生存空间竞争等。基于生态系统水平的海洋生物资源管理与研究已经成为国际趋势和国内要求,将各种生物、群落和环境作为一个整体进行研究是基于生态系统管理与研究的基本途径,而目前多数研究还是将三类生物分开,缺少三者相互关系的综合研究。根据2000年东海区渔业资源大面积调查数据,就三类生物的主要分布区域水平空间关系、三类生物空间分布的距离及其季节变化特征等方面进行了探讨。研究结果发现,三类生物主要分布区域存在空间分离趋势,且该趋势随着三类生物集中区域的聚集程度越高,空间分离的现象越为明显,这种分离特征可能是三类生物相互竞争、相互适应、长期演化的结果,是一种典型的生态位分化现象。四季三类生物的空间分布距离,呈现出春夏季距离远、秋冬季距离近的特点;可能是由于春夏季是多数鱼类的产卵繁殖期,其分布水域主要聚集在产卵场或育卵场,而其它生物无显著聚集或聚集水域不同,从而导致鱼类与其它生物之间的距离增加;而秋冬季是多数鱼类的索饵和越冬洄游季节,分布水域相对分散,从而导致三类生物之间的距离相对近。三类生物的空间分布距离,呈现出头足类与鱼类距离近、鱼类与甲壳类和甲壳类与头足类距离相对远的特点;可能是由于三类生物的不同活动能力所导致,甲壳类活动能力差,一般处于海洋最底水层,头足类活动能力强于甲壳类,能活跃于多个水层,但其游泳能力具有间歇性特点,而鱼类活动能力最强,能长期持续在多水层之间游动。活动能力导致鱼类与头足类的空间交叉区域较多,因而距离较近;而甲壳类与鱼类和头足类的交叉区域�
Marine fishery catch can be divided into three groups, including finfish, crustaceans and cephalopods. They tend to share the habitats within the same ecosystem, and interact with each other via ecological processes such as predator prey and competition for spawning and feeding grounds. Ecosystem-based fisheries management, repeatedly called in the management of international and domestic fisheries resources, requires a good understanding of such dynamic interactions of all the organisms and their habitats. However, most studies about the three groups of marine organisms are still done separately, lacking a comprehensive understanding of the relationships among them. Based on data collected from a bottom trawl survey in 2000 in the East China Sea, we conducted a preliminary study to evaluate spatial relationships among the concentration areas of the three groups of organisms in four seasons and the distances among the three groups of organisms and their seasonal regulations. The study shows that there is a trend of spatial separations among concentration areas of the three groups of organisms, with an increased trend of isolations. The trend is thought to be the consequences of competitions among the three groups of organisms, of adaptations to each other, and of a long-term evolution, showing a typical niche differentiation. Distances between the three groups of organisms in four seasons were relatively far in spring and summer, but close in autumn and winter. This could result from the majority of fishes spawning in spring and summer, during which they tend to aggregate on the spawning grounds or egg rearing grounds, while the other organisms do not aggregate or aggregate in different areas, which caused an increased distance between fishes and the other organisms. Most organisms need to migrate for feeding and overwintering in autumn and winter, and they distributed separately to some extend, which leads to relatively close distances among the three groups of organisms. The distance between cephalopods and fis
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期3403-3410,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
科技部公益性项目(2012-2013)
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303047)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所)资助项目(2009M01)
关键词
东海
底拖网
三类渔业生物
时空关系
East China Sea
bottom trawling
three groups of fishery catch
spatio-temporal relationships
