摘要
对比不同侵蚀类型侵蚀过程、机理,阐述冻融侵蚀和融水侵蚀的区别与联系;探讨并界定融水侵蚀概念,指出融水侵蚀是季节性冻土在冰川积雪融水径流作用下的土壤侵蚀过程。分析融水侵蚀过程机理,反复的冻融作用和不透水冻结层降低土壤抗蚀性,二者同时促进坡面融水集流冲刷加速侵蚀。分析融水侵蚀主要影响因素,气温、辐射和降水是影响冻融作用和融水径流的直接因素,植被、风和地形通过影响雪的分布及辐射而间接影响融水侵蚀过程。评述融水侵蚀GIS定性评价方法和评价模型,融水侵蚀评价研究需参考GIS的定性评价,借鉴USLE/WEPP等土壤侵蚀模型方法。最后对融水侵蚀未来的研究方向进行了展望。
On the basis of comparing different erosion types and mechanisms, this paper analyzed the relation of freeze-thaw erosion and melt water erosion, and discussed the concept of melt water erosion. The melt water erosion is defined as the soil erosion progress that water runoff resulting from the melted ice and snow erodes seasonal frozen soil. This paper analyzed the mechanism and characteristics of the melt water erosion, and figured out that repeated freeze-thaw action and impervious permafrost reduced erosion durability of soil and promoted the slope melt water runoff scouring soil. This paper analyzed the main influence factors on melt water erosion. The temperature, radiation and precipitation are the immediate influence factors on melt water erosion, the vegetation, wind and terrain influence the distribution of the snow and the radiation. This paper narrated the evaluation methodologies and evaluation model, and figured out that the research of melt water erosion should consult GIS/WEPP/EUROSEM models. In the end, this paper discussed the main research directions combining with the physical conditions of melt water erosion in our country.
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期331-335,共5页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目"高海拔寒区融水土壤侵蚀机理与过程模拟研究"(41230746)
国家自然科学基金面上资助项目"坡面水蚀动力与细沟发育形态的相互作用机制及其影响因素"(41271304)
关键词
水土保持
融水侵蚀
过程机理
影响因素
评价方法
soil and water conservation
melt water erosion
mechanism
influence factor
evaluation methodology
