摘要
目的 分析民航飞行人员年度体检高发疾病谱的特点及其演变规律,为民用航空卫生保障工作提供参考依据. 方法 收集2009-2013年某航空公司参加年度大体检的飞行人员的体检资料,统计主要疾病的构成情况,分析飞行人员高发疾病近5年的演变趋势,并比较高发疾病在不同职务、年龄、飞行时间飞行人员之间的差异. 结果 屈光不正居各年度体检疾病谱首位,其次为高脂血症、脂肪肝.2013年民航飞行人员年度体检疾病谱的前10位疾病是屈光不正、高脂血症、脂肪肝、高尿酸血症、听力损失、胆囊息肉、老视、腰椎间盘突出、心律失常及高血压病.高尿酸血症的检出率逐年上升,2013年明显高于2009年（χ^2=198.28,P＜0.01）;2013年屈光不正、脂肪肝、胆囊息肉的检出率明显高于2009年（χ^2 =56.27、13.98、8.12,P＜0.01）;听力损失、老视、腰椎间盘突出的检出率呈下降趋势,2013年明显低于2009年（χ^2=10.24、44.99、30.58,P＜0.01）.高脂血症、脂肪肝、高尿酸血症、胆囊息肉、听力损失、老视、心律失常和高血压病多见于驾驶员（χ^2=73.62～1 940.13,P＜0.01）,而屈光不正和腰椎间盘突出多见于乘务员（χ^2=1 869.64、43.48,P＜0.01）.高脂血症、脂肪肝、胆囊息肉、听力损失、老视及高血压病的患病率随年龄及飞行时间的增长而升高（P＜0.01）. 结论 掌握不同职务、年龄、飞行时间飞行人员的高发疾病谱,有利于针对性地开展飞行人员的健康维护,提高航卫保障水平.
Objective To analyze the characteristics and development of disease spectrum of civil aircrews in the annual physical examinations,and to provide scientific basis for the civil aeromedical support in the future.Methods The annual physical examination data of the civil aircrews from 2009-2013 were analyzed in the constitution of the major diseases,and the trend of high incidence diseases in recent 5 years.The high disease incidence differences were compared by different post,age and time of flight.Results In the annual physical examination analysis,the detection rate of ametropia was the highest,followed by hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.The top 10 diseases in 2013 were ametropia,hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperuricemia,hearing loss,gallbladder polyps,presbyopia,lumbar disc herniation,arrhythmia and hypertension.The detection rate of hyperuricemia increased year by year,the rate in 2013 was significantly higher than the rate in 2009 （χ^2 =198.28,P〈 0.01）.The detection rate of ametropia,fatty liver,gallbladder polyps in 2013 was significantly higher than the rate in 2009 （χ^2 =56.27,13.98,8.12,P〈0.01）.The detection rate of hearing loss,presbyopia,lumbar disc herniation showed significant downtrend from 2009 to 2013 （χ^2=10.24,44.99,30.58,P〈0.01）.Hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperuricemia,hearing loss,gallbladder polyps,presbyopia,arrhythmia and hypertension were common in pilots （χ^2=73.62-1 940.13,P〈0.01）.Ametropia and lumbar disc herniation were common in flight attendants （χ^2 =1 869.64,43.48,P〈0.01）.Incident of hyperlipidernia,fatty liver,gallbladder polyps,hearing loss,presbyopia and hypertension significantly increased with age and flight time （P〈0.01）.Conclusions Knowing the high incident disease spectrum of the aircrews with different jobs,age and time of flight will benefit to establishing personal health maintenance for aircrews and improving the level of aeromedical support.
出处
《中华航空航天医学杂志》
CSCD
2014年第4期259-264,共6页
Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine
关键词
体格检查
流行病学研究
疾病谱
患病率
飞行人员
Physical examination
Epidemiologic studies
Disease spectrum
Prevalence
Aircrews
