摘要
目的:分析我国青少年游泳基础训练现状,揭示我国优秀游泳运动员在国际比赛中出现若干新特征的原因。方法:主要采用问卷调查、测试和数理统计等研究方法对青少年基础训练进行分析讨论。结果:我国男子短距离运动员现役年龄和第1次参加国际比赛年龄明显要小于美国和澳大利亚,成绩保持时间、参加比赛次数与两国相比较已经没有显著差异,我国男子长距离运动员现役年龄小于美、澳两国合计水平,但初训年龄要大于两国合计水平,其他一些重要指标没有显著性差异;女子短距离运动员基础训练时间明显偏少,但成绩保持年限和参加比赛的次数要好于其他两个国家,女子长距离项目各参赛和两国合计没有显著差异;大部分教练员对最佳竞技状态年龄和成绩增长最快年龄判断相对客观,符合青少年身体发展客观规律,他们能够熟悉运用大纲,坚持大纲在业余训练中的基础地位;我国男、女各年龄组运动员运动成绩变化和青少年运动员身体形态、机能、体能变化较为符合,运动等级可以达到二级标准,还没有达到一级标准,按照游泳年龄组教学训练大纲的游泳成绩评分标准,男、女运动员年龄和运动成绩符合程度,出现较高分数的情况较少。结论:近年来,我国游泳项目优秀运动员在国际比赛中运动寿命和参赛频率呈现了新的特点,扭转了早期退役的局面,扎实的青少年基础训练工作是取得成绩的关键;教练员对训练规律认知相对客观,执行教学训练大纲较为系统,但同时应该注意管理体制带来的若干负面现象。建议积极借鉴游泳强国先进经验,利用网络信息资源,加强青少年运动员人文关怀及社会能力塑造;注重伤病预防,将功能动作训练体系相关理念融入到训练之中,提高训练质量,夯实梯队基础。
Objective ： The analysis of current junior swimming basic training in China reveals the reasons for a number of new features of our elite swimming athletes in the international compe- tition. Methods .. this paper mainly adopts questionnaire investigation, testing and mathematical statistics to analyze junior athletes＇ basic training. Results ： Our men＇s short distance athletes age in active service and for the first time to participate in international competition age signifi- cantly less than the United States and Australia, performance keep time, play times that there was no significant difference compared with the two countries, our man＇s long distance athletes age still in active service in China should be less than the total level of the United States and Australia, but in the early training age than aggregate level between the two countries, there is no significant difference between other important indieators^Women＇s short time base training athletes significantly less, but remain fixed number of year, and the race times better than the other two countries, women＇s long distance each entry and there was no significant difference between the two countries eombined~ Most coaches on the best competitive state age and grade the fastest growing age relatively objective, in line with the youth physical development objec- tive law, they can be familiar with the use of outline, adhere to the outline in the foundation position in the amateur training ~ Our men and women the age group athletes performance chan- ges and adolescent athletes body shape, function, more accord with physical changes, movement can achieve the secondary standard, had not reached the level of standards, in accordance with the swimming age group swimming performance criteria of teaching syllabus, men and women athletes age and performance in accordance with degree,less a higher score. Conclusion：In recent years, our country excellent swimming athletes in the international competition sports life and performance frequency pres
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第3期81-87,共7页
China Sport Science and Technology
