摘要
【目的】果蝇类害虫是杨梅果实的主要害虫,本文旨在探讨果蝇对不同成熟度果实的选择倾向以及杨梅园果蝇动态变化规律。【方法】通过饲养获得黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster种群,探讨果蝇在不同成熟度杨梅果实上的繁殖量,通过果园调查统计杨梅成熟过程中落果数量、落果和树上挂果中果蝇数量。【结果】杨梅成熟过程中,果色经历绿色、粉红色、红色和紫红色变化过程;果蝇分别在各种成熟度果实上繁殖时,绿色果实上果蝇后代数量最少,但接近成熟的粉红色、红色和紫红色果实上果蝇后代数量无显著差异;同时提供各种成熟度的果实时,随着果实成熟度增加,黑腹果蝇的后代繁殖数量增多。在果实成熟前后对果园果蝇数量的调查表明,在果实成熟前,落果中果蝇数量显著高于树上挂果,落果是果园果蝇的主要繁殖地;但当果园果实大量成熟时,挂果中果蝇数量显著多于落果,挂果成为果蝇主要繁殖场所。【结论】在杨梅园,果蝇存在从地面落果转移至树上挂果的动态变化,果蝇对不同成熟度果实的选择性差异可能是这种动态变化的主要原因。
[Objectives] Drosophilid flies （Drosophilidae） are the main pest insects on fruits of the Chinese bayberry, Myrica rubra （Myricaceae）. Our focus was to determine the relative preferences of Drosophila melanogaster for fruits at different stages of maturity, and the distribution of drosophilid flies on fallen vs unfallen fruits in Chinese bayberry orchards. [Methods] D. melanogaster was reared and its reproductive productivity on fruits at different stages of maturity studied. The number of drosophilid flies on fallen and unfallen fruits was also investigated in Chinese bayberry orchards. [Results] Fruits were initially green, then turned pink, red, and purple-red when totally mature. The productivity of captive reared D. melanogaster differed significantly on fruits at different stages of maturity; that on green fruits was the lowest. When green, pink, red, and purple-red fruits were provided to D. melanogaster significantly more progeny were produced on the more mature fruits. The field investigation in Chinese bayberry orchards showed that drosophilid fly numbers on fallen fruits were significantly higher than on unfallen fruits. However, when unfallen fruits became fully mature drosophilid fly numbers were significantly higher on these than on fallen fruits. [Conclusion] The results indicate that drosophilid flies switch from fallen to unfallen fruits when the majority of the latter become mature. Differences in the suitability of mature and immature fruits to drosophilid flies is probably the primary reason for the shift from fallen to unfallen fruits in Chinese bayberry orchards.
出处
《应用昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期470-476,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology
基金
宁波市重大(重点)科技攻关择优委托项目(2009C10004)
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203089)
关键词
杨梅
果蝇
成熟度
害虫
动态变化
Myrica rubra, drosophilid fly, maturities, pests, dynamic variance
