摘要
清华简《说命》下篇述商王大戊之事,与《尚书》诸篇所载周人对"殷先哲王"的叙述相类似,而与《史记·殷本纪》称某"宗"的叙述距离较远。在殷墟卜辞里,大戊是"六大示"之一,并未被冠以"中宗"的称号。将先祖冠以"某宗"名号之事源于春秋战国时代。《史记·殷本纪》突出大戊的功勋美德,称其为殷"中宗"。自西汉末年开始,又将大戊列为"殷三宗"之一。从殷商甲骨卜辞到秦汉文献记载,我们可以比较清楚地看到"宗"之观念的变化。"宗"在商代仅为宗庙之称,西周中期以后"宗族"之义渐多,春秋战国时期出现了"主也""尊也"等抽象意义。《说命》篇对于商王的大戊的称述为推断此篇的撰著时代提供了一个旁证。
The second part of Discourse of Destiny in bamboo slips collected in Tsinghua University tells a story about the big quadripod of the King of Shang, somewhat like the same story of Zhou Dynasty people＇s narration of the Shang Dynasty wise kings in Shang Shu, but quite different from the definition of zong （ancestor） by Sima Qian in his Historical Records. We can clearly observe that the concept of zong has been changed from inscriptions on tortoise shells and animal bones of the Shang Dynasty to the literatures of Qin and Han Dynasties. The meaning of zong in Shang Dynasty only refers to ancestral temple. Since mid-Zhou Dynasty it is most referred to patriarchal clan. In the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, it has got abstract meanings like ＂the king＂, ＂the respected＂, and etc. The naming of the big quadripod of the King of Shang has provided a collateral evidence for the time of writing of Discourse of Destiny.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第5期141-149,167,共10页
Academic Monthly
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"上博简诗论综合研究"(13&ZD085)的阶段性成果
关键词
《说命》
大戊
中宗
观念史
Discourse of Destiny, big quatripod, zhong zong, history of idea
