摘要
后马克思主义虽然在诸多方面对传统马克思主义蕴含的本质主义因素提出了强烈的质疑与批评,但是,在对政治的斗争本性的理解上,后马克思主义与马克思主义依然十分贴近。政治可以退出阶级,但绝对不可能退出斗争,这是后马克思主义的基本政治信念。正是基于这一信念,后马克思主义自始至终都在着力构造一种全新的对抗概念。对抗概念的话语建构在尚塔尔·穆芙那里表现得尤为突出:她从新社会运动、卡尔·施米特的敌友划分、精神分析的主体认同等不同的理论渠道汲取丰富的灵感,最终锻造出了一种基于"政道"与"治道"之划分的"抗争性民主"模式。对抗概念在穆芙政治理论中发挥着十分关键的作用,它从边际背景走向理论重建的中心,它从矛盾的一种尖锐形式升格为矛盾的替代物,它从中介性的论证概念发展为终极性的本体论范畴。可以说,通过民主与抗争精神的后现代主义接合,穆芙成功地阐述了一种后马克思主义的政治本体论。
While post-Marxism question and criticize essentialist elements in traditional Marxism and criticize it, post-Marxism is quite close to Marxism concerning understanding of the struggle nature of politics. That politics can retreat from class but not from struggle, is post-Marxist basic political faith, based on which post-Marxism attempt to construct the new concept of antagonism.Mouffe has endeavored to construct discursively the concept of antagonism she drew ample inspirations from theoretical channels of the new social movement,Carl Schmitt＇friend/enemy distinction, subjective identification in psychoanalysis, and finally founded the model of agonistic democracy based on the political^politics distinction. The concept of antagonism play the crucial role in Mouffe＇ political theory： it come to center of theoretical reconstruction from periphery, and it from sharp form of contradiction rise to a substitute for contradiction, finally, it shift from medium concept to ontological category. As it were, through postmodernist articulation of democracy and agonistic ethos, Mouffe has reformulated post-Marxist political ontology successfully.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第5期52-62,共11页
Academic Monthly
关键词
后马克思主义
斗争
对抗
抗争性民主
政治本体论
post-Marxism, struggle, antagonism, agonistic democracy, political ontology
