摘要
以西递为案例地,对创造性破坏(creative destruction)模型在中国历史村镇旅游商业化进程中的应用进行检验。该模型认为资本是推动遗产型社区景观商业化的主要动力,而各种亚文化之间的博弈则塑造了最终的商业化景观,模型指出遗产型社区的发展可以分为前商业化、初级商业化、高级商业化、初级破坏、高级破坏和后破坏等6个阶段。通过历时性研究和运用质性研究方法,研究表明该模型只有在前3个阶段是较为符合案例地情境的,案例地之所以没有按照后续的3个阶段发展下去,其背后的推力是政府的强有力干预。因此,创造性破坏模型不能完全解释中国的历史村镇旅游发展过程。研究最后对模型进行了修正,指出"公共部门政策"作为驱动力之一在第三阶段会出现一个分化,分化的结果直接导致了模型发展阶段的变化,并且"均衡"状态的出现除了第二、第六阶段外,还可能在第三阶段。
Historic towns and villages are important elements of China＇ s cultural heritage. They now have a recognized value from a tourism perspective; however, the rapid pace of tourism development in such historic towns and villages has resulted in a series of problems brought about by tourism commodification. Mitchell （1998） initially developed a creative destruction model to predict the fate of communities that base their development on the commodification of rural heritage： she later revisited this model （Mitchell and de Waa？l, 2009）. She applied the creative destruction model to the village of St. Jacobs, Canada and demonstrated that entrepreneurial investment had fostered the creation of a setting for aesthetic consumption, and that the sub-cultures contribute to the development of a contested landscape of consumption. The model is divided into a six stage process： pre-commodification, early commodification, advanced commodification, early destruction, advanced destruction and post- destruction. Whether or not the final （post-destruction） stage is achieved is dictated by the power struggle that arises among the sub-cultures engaged in the transformation of the rural landscape.
This paper applies the creative destruction model to Xidi Village, a world heritage destination in Anhui, China. Xidi Village is an ideal destination to implement the creative destruction model because it satisfies the three premises described by Mitchell： it is accessible to a large affluent population （Shanghai and Suzhou）; some heritage elements were in existence before commodification began; and an entrepreneurial spirit existed. This paper uses qualitative research to collect data on investments, tourist numbers and resident attitudes and reveals that Xidi is in the model＇ s third stage （advanced commodification）, which is maintained because of the government＇ s forward-looking interventions. This third stage cannot achieve the ＂equilibrium＂ state that Mitchell （1998） described for the model＇s
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第4期12-22,共11页
Tourism Tribune
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"旅游对区域人地关系主要构成因素影响机制的系统研究--以阳朔
喀纳斯
凤凰为例"(41171111)资助~~
关键词
历史村镇
创造性破坏
旅游商业化
西递
historic town and village
creative destruction model
tourism commodification
Xidi
