摘要
伴随着航空公司对未来几年氮氧化物(NOx)排放量增长的预测,量化机场NOx排放量日益重要。根据国际民航组织认证的发动机排放数据,在研究推力对NOx排放的影响时,通常模拟4个推力级别:100%(起飞阶段)、85%(爬坡阶段)、30%(进近阶段)、7%(慢车阶段)。美国联邦航空局设计了模型——排放和扩散模拟系统,利用该模型对4个阶段分别进行模拟。结果表明,飞机在最大推力时产生的NOx量最多。分析了起飞阶段减推力下起飞对机场年NOx排放量的影响,通过排放和扩散模拟系统,研究了一系列算法,用于预测推力与NOx排放量的关系。
This paper has proposed a series of innovated calculation methods for calculating the impact of the reduced thrust take-off on NOx emissions, which can be used to predict the relationship between the thrust and the NOx emissions. According to the reports of many airline reports and forecasts, NO~ emission has been going up and the tendency will be continuing in the near future. To be accurate, with the engine NOx emission data approved by the International Civil Avi- ation Organization, we have conducted the simulation on the common- ly divided 4 thrust levels： 100% （take-off）, 85% （climb out）, 30% （approach）and 7% （idle）. Statistically speaking, an engine typically produces the greatest NOx at its highest power setting during take-off stage, while the fuel input and combustion temperatures are reaching the maximum limit. The Federal Aviation Administration （FAA） in the USA has developed a set of models along with the E- missions and Dispersion Modeling System to be applied for modeling the 4th distinct power level. The models can also be used for calcu- lating the take-off roll length, the take-off roll time and the initial lift- ing-up rate with the intention to reduce the take-off thrust. All the data concerned in the equations can be obtained from ICAO Appendix 16 Volume II, Engine Emissions Data-bank. Taking B747 - 400 versus CF6 - 80C2B1F for example, calculation equations have all been given as to the NOx omissions, thrust, and departure time during the stage of taxi, approach, climb out and take-off. The results of the calculation of the NOx emissions prove that the reduced thrust take-off can save the operation cost, though it would be necessary to prolong the take-off time which tends to increase the NOx emissions with the same take-off weight. It is just for this reason that the calculation of NO~ emissions can usually be defined as 92.2% maximum take-off weight （ MTOW）. The result of the calculation proves to be consistent with the Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System. In
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期278-281,共4页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费中国民航大学专项(3122014C006
3122015D011)
中国民航大学科研启动基金项目(2013QD11S)
中国民航大学实验技术创新基金项目(02-14-03)
关键词
环境工程学
起飞
排放和扩散模拟系统
减推力
氮氧化物排放
environmental engineering
take-off
the emissions anddispersion modeling system
reduced thrust
NO. emis-sions
