摘要
[目的]分析上海市2009—2013年突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征,为突发公共卫生事件的防控工作提供参考。[方法]对上海市2009—2013年突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统报告的突发公共卫生事件,进行描述性流行病学分析。[结果]2009—2013年上海市共报告突发公共卫生事件266起,其中46.6%为传染病事件,主要为水痘等呼吸道传染病;高温中暑事件86起(32.3%),导致103人死亡;35起职业中毒事件,导致44人死亡。传染病类突发公共卫生事件高峰在4月和12月,高温中暑事件集中在7—8月。不同事件的发生情况在月份分布上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。传染病类事件主要发生在学校,小学的报告发病率最高(0.027%)。疾控机构接报到网络直报的时间间隔平均为3 h。[结论]上海市疾控机构对突发公共卫生事件的网络直报的及时性较好。传染病类突发公共卫生事件仍是防控重点,重点关注小学,加强监测和免疫接种管理。职业中毒应着重在降低死亡率和病死率。
[Objective] To describe the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Shanghai and provide scientific evidence and related strategies for efficient response to public health emergencies. [Methods] Descriptive epidemiological method was utilized to analyze the data of public health emergencies from public health emergency reporting system in Shanghai during 2009-2013. [Results] It was reported that there were 266 public health emergencies in Shanghai during 2009-2013. Specifically, 46.6 percent of the events were infectious diseases, the majority of which were respiratory infectious diseases, such as chicken pox; 86 heat stoke events（32.3%） were reported and caused 103 deaths; 44 people died in 35 occupational poisoning events. The peaks of infectious disease events occurred in April and December, while the majority of heat stoke events occurred in July and August. There was a significant difference in month distribution for different events（P 〈0.05）. The infectious diseases events were most common in schools（0.027%）, especially in primary schools. The intervals were 3 hours between online reporting and CDC informed on average. [Conclusion] There has been significant improvement in the timeliness of public health emergency online reporting. The prevention of infectious disease events should be focused on primary schools, vaccination management, and regular surveillance. It should be given priority to decline mortality rate and fatality rate in occupational poisoning events.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期336-339,共4页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
上海市卫生局卫生政策课题(编号:2011HP014)
关键词
突发公共卫生事件
流行病学
传染病
职业中毒
预防
public health emergency epidemiology infectious disease occupational poisoning prevention
