摘要
马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》对人的"类本质"问题做出了充分的理论分析。他的类本质思想受到了费尔巴哈宗教批判、国民经济学和黑格尔精神现象学三个思想资源的启发,同时又是对这三个思想资源的超越。他从人的感性的生命活动出发,对人的类本质做出三个方面的规定:人是感性的自然存在物、人是自由的存在物和人是社会的存在物。其中,人是自由的存在物是马克思类本质思想所确立的普遍性命题。以类本质思想为依据,马克思提出了批判资本主义雇佣劳动的异化劳动理论。在以后的著述中,马克思依然坚持类本质思想所确立的普遍性命题,从而把对资本主义生产方式的实证性研究同价值批判结合在一起。因此,马克思的类本质思想是社会批判理论的不可消解的价值依据。
Marx, in his Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844, made the full analy- sis of the problems about the human＇s categorical nature. His thought of the human＇s categorical nature was inspired by Feuerbach＇s critique of religion, National Economics and Hegel＇s Phenom- enology of Spirit, but his thought surpassed the three thought resources. From the sensitive ac- tivities of human life, Marx gave the human＇s categorical nature three definitions in which ＂Man is the existence of free＂ is the universal proposition. According to the thought, Marx proposed the theory of labor--alienation which was used to criticize bourgeois wage--labor. In his later writings, Marx still kept to the universal proposition, thereby he could integrate the empirical study of capitalist mode of production and value criticism of it. Therefore, Marx＇s thought of human＇s categorical nature is the value basis of social critique, which could not be dispelled.
出处
《教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第4期21-28,共8页
Teaching and Research
关键词
类本质
自由
社会批判
价值依据
human＇s categorical nature
freedom
social critique
value basis
