摘要
麦迪逊迫于美国旧邦联制度的危机而创造了一种新的联邦主义理论。在该理论中,主权属于人民,而非邦、联邦或联邦政府。因此,需要在联邦和邦之间分配的,并非主权,而是立法权、执行权和司法权等具体的权力。这种理论付诸现实,变成美国联邦制度之后,很快遇到了重大的危机。在危机中,麦迪逊颠倒了之前的立场,由一个从主张中央政府有权动用武力强迫各州服从的国家主义者,变成了主张各州有权不服从中央政府决定的州权论者。麦迪逊联邦主义理论的形成和转变,反映了现代联邦制度和联邦主义理论的内在不稳定性。
James Madison invented a new theory of federalism to solve the crisis of the old confederation.In this new theory,the sovereign is the people rather than the state,the federation or the federal government.Accordingly,which is to be separated between the state government and the federal government,is the special powers such as the legislative,executive and juridical power,rather than the sovereign power.With Madison's great effort,this new theory became incarnate as the new Constitution.However,this new institution soon went into a huge crisis.In this new crisis,James Madison reversed his former thought dramatically.Instead of believing that the central government should have the power to use army to force the states to abiding its decision,Madison turned to believe that the states had the power to resist the decision of the federal government.This dramatical transformation revealed the inner instability of modern federal institution and modern federalism.
出处
《政治思想史》
2015年第1期69-84,199,共16页
Journal of the History of Political Thought
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"西方国别政治思想史"(项目编号:13&ZD149)子课题"美国政治思想史"的阶段性成果
关键词
麦迪逊
联邦主义
美国
James Madison
federalism
America
