摘要
医学典籍在17、18世纪的历史中如何复制、阅读、重授是近年学界所关注的重要议题。宋元以来,儒医作为医者主流,更加注重通过医学知识的文本建构来归纳学术、彰显医名甚至开宗立派。但在医派繁荣的同时,门户之见也愈发严重,以此造成医理混乱、医道不明。明代儒医基于集成学术及职业应用之需,开始编纂以"医宗"为名的医学典籍。"医宗"即医道之宗,是儒医比附儒学传统所编的医学典籍,目的是鼎定医学正典和道统,使习医、行医有所宗。医宗典籍体现出两个倾向,一是探究经典,二是由博返约。既对中医之基础脉象经络、病因病机学说予以总结,亦通过医案对临床诊断应用知识加以阐释。其知识建构跨越门户之见,有助形成学科化的学术体系,也借由医籍文本的刊刻传播,使医学正典化与大众化相互融会。至清乾隆时期,朝廷以国家力量参与《御制医宗金鉴》的编纂,更包含着融合百家、超越门户以确立知识一统的政治隐喻。
This article studies how the medical classic books and textual knowledge were copied, read and taught from 17th century to 18th century. Confucian physician in the Ming Dynasty began to compile medical books in the name of ＂Yizong＂（Master of medicine, ＂医宗＂） modeled after Confucian tradition. Yizong classics summarized the basic principles and clinical diagnosis knowledge of traditional Chinese Medicine, which could correct the parochial prejudice and help to form the discipline of the academic system. Through the dissemination of medical classic books, the classic medical knowledge could be accepted by more people, not only doctors but the general public. In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the emergence of official compilation of Yuzhi Yizong Jinjian （the official medicine textbook） meant a powerful metaphor that the Empire ruler hoped to establish orthodox medical knowledge system which went beyond folk academic tradition.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第4期141-153,共13页
Academic Monthly
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目"近世知识群体的专业化与社会变迁"(12JJD770018)的阶段性成果
关键词
明清之际
儒医
医宗
during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Confucian physician, Yizong
