摘要
目的了解2007-2011年红河州流行性乙型脑炎（简称乙脑）流行病学特征,为乙脑防控提供科学依据。方法采用描述性研究方法,利用《乙脑监测信息报告管理系统》网络直报的数据进行流行病学分析。结果全州除河口外的12个县市5年共报告乙脑病例124例,死亡3例,年发病率为0.56/10万,年平均死亡率0.01/10万。发病以农村为主（92.74%）;其次为城乡结合部（7.26%）。发病季节性明显,5月开始上升,7~8月为高峰,与全国发病一致。病例主要集中在10岁以下儿童（95例）,占乙脑发病数的76.61%。男女发病数分别为73例、51例,男女发病比为1.43∶1。职业以散居儿童和学生为主（75%）。病例实验室检测确诊90例（72.58%）。类型以重性为主。疫苗接种率低下,50例病例未接种过疫苗,71例接种史不详,仅有3例有明确接种史。结论疫苗接种是预防和控制乙脑发病最为有效的策略和措施,应加大乙脑疫苗接种力度。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis（ JB） in Honghe prefecture from 2007 to 2011,and provide a basis for JB prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive statistics was used to retrospectively analyze the data collected from ＂Management System for epidemic encephalitis B Surveillance and Report System＂. Results A total of 124 cases and 3 deaths were reported from2007 to 2011 in 12 counties of Honghe. The annual average incidence and mortality was respectively 0. 56 /105 and 0. 01 /105. A proportion of 92. 74% of cases come from rural areas and 7. 26% from rural-urban fringe area. The incidence began to rise on May and reached the peak on July or August,which was in accord with the national situation. Children under 10 years old took 76. 61% of the total cases. There 73 male cases and 51 female cases,with a sex ratio of male to female was 1. 43： 1. 75. A proportion of 75% was mainly scattered children and students. Ninety cases（ 72. 58%） were diagnosed in the laboratory. There were 50 cases never vaccinated,71 cases＇ vaccination histories were not quite clear,only 3 cases were vaccinated. Conclusion It is crucial to expand the coverage of epidemic encephalitis B vaccination since it＇s the most effective way to prevent epidemic encephalitis B infection.
出处
《预防医学情报杂志》
CAS
2015年第4期259-261,共3页
Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
关键词
乙型脑炎
流行特征
疫苗接种
Japanese encephalitis
epidemiological characteristic
vaccination
