摘要
目的:探讨音乐类型、音乐节奏以及记忆材料的类型对记忆效果的影响。方法:采用2(音乐类型:古典,流行)×2(音乐节奏:快,慢)×2(记忆材料类型:积极词汇,消极词汇)的三因素混合实验设计,选取40名在校大学生为被试,在E-prime上呈现刺激,要求被试分别在4种音乐环境(古典慢节奏音乐、流行慢节奏音乐、流行快节奏音乐、古典快节奏音乐)下记忆形容词,形容词根据其词性分为积极和消极两类。结果:1不同背景音乐条件下,词汇的反应正确率和反应时均有显著差异;2在反应正确率上,性别差异显著(F=12.60,P<0.01),男生在积极词汇上的反应正确率低于女生,在消极词汇上两者无显著差异;不同音乐类型条件下被试反应正确率差异显著(F=68.25,P<0.001);3在反应时上,性别差异显著(F=22.26,P<0.001),男生在积极词汇上的反应时低于女生,在消极词汇上两者无显著差异;不同音乐类型(F=7.56,P<0.05)、不同音乐节奏(F=40.74,P<0.001)条件下被试反应时差异均显著。结论:背景音乐的类型和节奏对个体记忆能力有重要的影响,这种影响因记忆材料的不同而有所不同,且对男女生而言影响程度是不一样的。
Objective：To explore the influence the type , the rhythm of music and memory materials exert to memory.Methods：The experiment employed 2（type of music：classical,pop）× 2（rhythm of the music：fast,slow）x 2（memory material type：positive words,negative words）three factors-mixed experi-mental design .40 undergraduate students were selected as subjects , showing them stimulus in the E -prime,subjects were required to remember adjective in 4 music environment （ slow-paced classical mu-sic,slow-paced pop music,fast -paced pop music,fast -paced classical）,according to the parts of speech of the adjectives ,they were put into positive and negative categories .Results：①There were signifi-cant differences in terms of reaction time and response accuracy under different conditions of background music.②For reaction accuracy,there were significant differences between gender （F=12.60,P〈0.01）, that the boys＇reaction accuracy of the active vocabulary accuracy was lower than girls ,but there was no significant difference on negative words;In different types of music ,subjects＇reaction accuracy had signifi-cant difference（F=68.25,P〈0.001）.③ For reaction time,there were significant differences between gender（F=22.26,P〈0.001）,that the boys＇reaction time of the positive vocabulary accuracy was lower than girls＇,but there was no significant difference on negative words;In different music types（F=7.56,P〈0.05）,different music rhythms （F=40.74,P〈0.001）,subjects＇reaction time both had significant difference.Conclusion：The types and rhythms of background music have important effects on one＇s mem-ory ability,this effect varies due to the difference of memory materials and the effects are different for boys and girls.
出处
《中国健康心理学杂志》
2015年第2期300-303,共4页
China Journal of Health Psychology
关键词
记忆
音乐类型
音乐节奏
反应正确率
反应时
Memory
Type of music
Rhythm of music
Reaction accuracy
Reaction time
