摘要
运用聚类分析、判别分析和主成分分析方法,处理2003--2011年密云水库水体17个水质指标数据,了解其水质空间变异特征。密云水库水体中的平均总氮质量浓度（0.93 mg/L）超过了国家Ⅱ类标准总氮含量的86%。水平空间尺度上,层次一的内湖的高水温,促使藻类生长和沉积物的释放,使得高锰酸钾指数较高;流域污染使得层次一其他空间点的硝态氮和电导率高于内湖;层次二的潮河流域水土流失、点源污染和碳酸盐岩的溶解,使得金沟围堰的总磷含量、氨氮含量和电导率高于其他点,主库区水质表现为距潮河流域入库口越近水质越差的特征。垂直空间尺度上,密云水库水体存在热分层现象;浮游植物数量和光照强度随水深增大而降低,使得底层光合作用减弱,溶解氧降低;底层沉积物释放、浮游植物的分解产物和表层、中层高密度植物吸收作用、热分层,使得底层总磷含量相对高于表层和中层;水土流失携带的磷,使得水体表层总磷含量高于中层;吸附于岩石上的离子的缓慢释放,使得水体下层的总碱度高于表层。内湖污染主要是沉积物释放等内源污染所致;金沟和库中的污染主要来自工业废水和生活污水污染、枯水期大气沉降造成的碳酸盐岩溶解和丰水期流域非点源污染以及植物生长等内源污染。
Cluster analysis, discriminate analysis and principal component factor analysis were used to analyze the spatial variations of water quality from 2003 to 2011 in the Miyun Reservoir. The results demonstrated that, total nitrogenous exceeded 86% of that for Ⅱgrade water in national standard. Cluster analysis showed that, in horizontal spatial scale Layer 1, higher temperature in sampling site in Neihu accelerated alga growing and sediment release, thus resulting in higher concentration of CODMnin sampling site in Neihu. The pollution in watershed increased the concentration of NO3-—N and electroconductibility in other sampling sites of Layer 1. In horizontal spatial scale Layer 2, water and soil loss, point-pollution and dissolution of carbonatite in Chaohe watershed resulted in higher concentration of total phosphorus, NH4＋—N and electroconductibility in sampling site in Jingou than other sampling sites. The horizontal spatial characteristic in the main part of the reservoir was that the water quality was vulnerable to Chaohe. In the vertical spatial scale, thermal stratification, light intensity and phytoplankton decreased the photosynthesis, thus resulting in lower concentration of dissolved oxygen. Sediment release increased the concentration of total phosphorus in bottom, thermal stratification and plant absorption decreased that in surface and middle level, both resulted in the higher concentration of total phosphorus in bottom than surface and middle levels. Ion on the rock in the bottom led to the higher concentration of total alkalinity in the bottom than other levels. The sediment release is the main source in Neihu. The point pollution, non-point pollution and plant growing are the main pollution in sampling site in Jingou and in sampling site in Kuzhong.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第1期27-34,共8页
Wetland Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40901281)
北京市教育委员会科技计划面上项目(KM201310028012)
国家国际科技合作专项项目(2014DFA21620)资助
关键词
密云水库
水质多元统计分析
水平空间变异
垂直空间变异
Miyun Reservoir
multivariate statistical analysis
horizontal spatial variation
vertical spatial variation
